With the significant potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in neoadjuvant treatment for breast cancer,a multidisciplinary expert group was formed to develop this consensus based on the existing evidence-based medical evidences and clinical practice through in-depth discussions. The consensus suggests that pre-positioning of immunotherapy can increase the pathological complete response rate of breast cancer and has the potential for long-term survival benefits. Triple negative breast cancer and hormonal receptor-positive/HER-2-negative breast cancer are the preferred groups for neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Corresponding strategies for drug combinations and subsequent treatment plans are provided. Meanwhile,the expert group confirms that the expression of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes can indicate the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy. The combination of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and targeted therapy is promising in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer and HER-2 positive breast cancer,but further verification is needed.
To explore the relationship between long non-coding RNA colon cancer related transcript 1 (lncRNA CCAT1),microRNA-152 (miR-152) expression and proliferation/invasion genes expression and clinicopathological characteristics in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Methods
A total of 120 TNBC tissue samples and paired adjacent normal tissue samples were collected from surgical resections performed in the Baoding Second Central Hospital from July 2021 to June 2024. The expression levels of lncRNA CCAT1,miR-152 and proliferation-related genes (EZH2,PIWIL2,YAP1),as well as invasion-related genes (GLI1,TUG1,RAB11),were detected using real-time quantitative PCR. Binding sites between lncRNA CCAT1 and miR-152 were predicted using the StarBase database. Pearson correlation was used to analyze correlations between the expression levels of lncRNA CCAT1,miR-152 and the expression levels of proliferation and invasion related genes in TNBC tissues. For normally distributed measurement data, an independent samples t-test was used for comparisons between two groups, analysis of variance for comparisons among multiple groups and paired t-test was used for comparisons with adjacent non-tumor tissues. The relationship between the expression of lncRNA CCAT1 and miR-152 in TNBC tissue and proliferation genes,invasion genes and clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed by stepwise multiple linear regression.
Results
Compared with adjacent normal tissues,TNBC tissues exhibited significantly higher expression levels of lncRNA CCAT1,EZH2 mRNA,PIWIL2 mRNA,YAP1 mRNA,GLI1 mRNA,TUG1 mRNA,and RAB11 mRNA,while miR-152 expression was significantly decreased (all P<0.001). Binding sites between lncRNA CCAT1 and miR-152 were identified,and their expression levels in TNBC tissues showed a negative correlation (r=-0.761,P<0.001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that lncRNA CCAT1 expression was positively correlated with the mRNA expression of EZH2,PIWIL2,YAP1,GLI1,TUG1,and RAB11 (r=0.716,0.685,0.702,0.734,0.726,0.688; all P<0.001),whereas miR-152 expression was negatively correlated with the mRNA expression of these genes (r=-0.713,-0.702,-0.698,-0.721,-0.716,-0.703; all P<0.001). The expression levels of lncRNA CCAT1 in TNBC tissues with tumor diameter >2 cm,histological grade 3,TNM stage Ⅲ and lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than that with tumor diameter ≤2 cm,histological grade 1–2,TNM stage Ⅰ–Ⅱ and no lymph node metastasis (t=2.529,F=20.827,t=2.944,t=3.172; P=0.013,<0.001,0.004,0.002),the expression levels of miR-152 were significantly lower than that with tumor diameter ≤2 cm,histological grade Ⅰ/Ⅱ,TNM stage Ⅰ–Ⅱ and no lymph node metastasis (t=-2.481,F=-10.611,t=-2.936,t=-3.160; P=0.015,<0.001,0.005,0.002). The expression level of lncRNA CCAT1 in TNBC tissue were positively correlated with the mRNA expression of EZH2,PIWIL2,YAP1,GLI1,TUG1,RAB11,as well as tumor diameter,histological grade,TNM staging and lymph node metastasis status (OR=3.203,2.807,2.034,4.425,4.476,2.185,2.074,3.127,2.255,4.972; P=0.002,0.006,0.044,<0.001,<0.001,0.031,0.040,0.002,0.026,<0.001). The expression level of miR-152 were negatively correlated with the gene expression and clinical pathological indicators mentioned above (OR=-2.543,-2.787,-2.120,-2.856,-3.498,-2.403,-2.225,-3.200,-2.819,-4.284; P=0.012,0.006,0.036,0.005,0.001,0.018,0.028,0.002,0.006,<0.001).
Conclusion
lncRNA CCAT1 is highly expressed and miR-152 is lowly expressed in TNBC tissues,which are closely related to the enhanced proliferation,invasion ability of TNBC cells and poor clinicopathological characteristics of patients,and may become a biomarker for evaluating the malignant progression of TNBC.
To investigate the clinical application and outcomes of endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) and immediate reconstruction in early breast cancer.
Methods
The clinical data of 38 patients with early breast cancer who underwent surgery in the Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2020 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the type of surgery,patients were divided into the endoscopic surgery group (n=25) and the open surgery group (n=13). Operation time,intraoperative blood loss were compared between two groups using independent sample t test; hospital stay,preoperative and postoperative patient satisfaction with breast appearance were compared between two groups using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test,and pre- and postoperative patient satisfaction within-group was compared by paired rank-sum test.
Results
Operation time was significantly longer in the endoscopic surgery group than in the open surgery group [(165.84±16.30) min vs (99.69±12.35) min,t=12.813,P<0.001]. Intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay showed no statistically significant difference(t=1.456,P=0.154;Z=-0.135,P=0.199). The patient satisfaction with breast appearance showed no significant differences between two groups before operation[48.00(39.00,55.50) vs 53.00(44.00,58.00),Z=-0.856,P=0.392)],while postoperative satisfaction was significantly higher in the endoscopic surgery group [42.00(40.00,45.50) vs 38.00(33.00,43.00),Z=-2.501,P=0.012]. The patient satisfaction with breast appearance after surgery was significantly better than that before surgery (Z=-2.432,-2.906,P=0.015,0.004).
Conclusion
The endoscope-assisted NSM and immediate reconstruction in early breast cancer has the advantages of good aesthetic effect,safety and operability,and high postoperative patient satisfaction worthy of clinical application.
To analyze the influencing factors of the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in young patients with HER-2 low-expression breast cancer.
Methods
According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,this retrospective study collected the clinical data of 68 young breast cancer patients with HER-2 low-expression (<40 years old) who received preoperative NAC in the Department of Oncology Surgery,Department of Breast Surgery of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University and Department of Breast Surgery of Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital from December 2017 to July 2022. The pathological efficacy of NAC was evaluated by the Miller-Payne grading system. According to the grading results,the patients were divided into the poor pathological response group (grade 1-3,n=33) and the good pathological response group (grade 4-5,n=35). The clinicopathological characteristics and hematological indexes were compared between two groups by chi-square test/Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Factors with statistically significant differences were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis to screen out the independent predictors of NAC efficacy in young patients with HER-2 low-expression,and accordingly a nomogram model was constructed and evaluated.
Results
Among young breast cancer patients with HER-2 low-expression,there was no statistically significant difference in clinicopathological characteristics between two groups (all P<0.050). Compared with the poor response group,the good response group had higher absolute lymphocyte count after NAC (post-Lym),platelet count after NAC (post-Plt),albumin after NAC (post-Alb),random venous plasma glucose before and after NAC (pre-RVPG,post-RVPG),and change value (ΔRVPG) (χ2=5.858,4.788,4.637,7.428,4.839,5.316; P=0.016,0.029,0.031,0.006,0.028,0.021). Multivariate analysis showed that post-Alb (OR=7.713,95%CI: 1.620-36.716,P=0.010),post-RVPG (OR=14.612,95%CI: 2.225-95.939,P=0.005) and ΔRVPG (OR=9.639,95%CI: 2.511-36.997,P<0.001) were independent predictors of NAC efficacy in young breast cancer patients with HER-2 low-expression. Based on the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis,the nomogram model for predicting NAC efficacy in young patients with HER-2 low-expression was constructed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.797 (95%CI: 0.693-0.900). The mean absolute error of the calibration curve was 0.042 (<0.050),indicating that the model had good calibration.
Conclusion
The efficacy of NAC in young breast cancer patients with HER-2 low-expression may be closely related to metabolism-nutrition status. Albumin,random venous plasma glucose and blood glucose fluctuation before and after NAC may become predictors of efficacy in this population,providing a basis for precise treatment.
To investigate the risk factors for nipple-areolar complex (NAC) ischemia and necrosis following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM).
Methods
The clinical data of 150 patients who underwent NSM in the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University from May 2019 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the non-necrosis group (with no significant necrosis) and the necrosis group (with significant necrosis) based on the degree of NAC ischemia and necrosis. Chi-square test or t test was used to compare clinical and surgical parameters between two groups. The variables with significant difference in univariate analysis were processed into a multivariate logistic regression model to identify independent risk factors for significant NAC ischemia and necrosis after NSM,and then a predictive model was constructed. At 6 months after surgery,the BREAST-Q questionnaire was used to evaluate breast satisfaction,psychosocial well-being,sexual well-being and physical well-being in both groups.
Results
Seventy-one patients were in the non-necrosis group,and 79 were in the necrosis group. Compared with the non-necrosis group,patients in the necrosis group had a higher BMI,a higher proportion of diabetes history and neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and more excised breast tissue,more the surgeries with an upper quadrant periareolar incision,more breast implant reconstructions,and more frequent thermal dissection of sub-NAC tissue (P<0.050). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI>24 kg/m2 (OR=3.371,95%CI: 1.243-9.144,P=0.017),history of diabetes (OR=6.003,95%CI: 1.234-29.203,P=0.026),preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR=7.153,95%CI: 1.590-32.184,P=0.010),excised breast tissue volume>240 g (OR=9.923,95%CI: 3.511-28.041,P=0.001),upper quadrant periareolar incision (OR=7.173,95%CI: 2.247–22.894,P=0.001),and thermal dissection of sub-NAC tissue (OR=6.084,95%CI: 2.148-17.232,P=0.001) were independent risk factors for NAC ischemia and necrosis after NSM. The constructed prediction model showed good performance with a C-index of 0.754 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.885 (95%CI: 0.832-0.938). Postoperative BREAST-Q scores indicated that the non-necrosis group was significantly superior to the necrosis group in breast satisfaction [74 (68,89) vs 71 (57,89),P<0.001],psychosocial well-being [75 (69,93) vs 69 (56,84),P<0.001],sexual well-being [71 (53,100) vs 71 (56,90),P<0.001],and physical well-being [77 (62,90) vs 72 (59,90),P=0.013].
Conclusion
The established prediction model provides a quantitative basis for preoperative risk assessment in NSM. Strict preoperative patient selection and optimized intraoperative procedures helps to reduce NAC ischemia and necrosis,thereby improving patient satisfaction and quality of life.
To examine the relationships between coping mode,fear of cancer recurrence (FCR),and hope level in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC),and further analyze the mediating effect of coping styles on the relationship between hope level and FCR.
Methods
According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a convenience sampling method was adopted to enroll 289 patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who received treatment in the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, from January to September 2024 for a cross-sectional study. The patients with TNBC were surveyed using the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF),the Herth Hope Index (HHI),the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ),and a general information questionnaire. The correlation between coping mode, hope level, and FCR was analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis. The PROCESS 4.3 macro program was applied to verify the mediating effect of coping mode on the relationship between hope levels and FCR, and the Bootstrap method (with 1 000 repeated samplings) was used to test this mediating effect.
Results
A total of 270 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 93.43% (270/289). The total scores were as follows: FCR total score (42.49±8.22),hope level (30.72±8.30),and coping mode (68.40±11.48). FCR showed a significant negative correlation with the total hope score and its subscales (r=-0.632 to -0.515,all P<0.001). FCR was negatively correlated with the "Confrontation" coping subscale (r=-0.440,P<0.001) and positively correlated with the "Avoidance" and "Resignation" subscales (r=0.391 to 0.541,all P<0.001). Hope level was positively correlated with "Confrontation" (r=0.309,P<0.001) and negatively correlated with "Avoidance" and "Resignation" (r=-0.294 to -0.247,all P<0.001). The mediating effect of the "Resignation" coping mode on the relationship between hope level and FCR was -0.156 0,accounting for 22.43% of the total effect.
Conclusion
Hope level in TNBC patients is a negative predictor of FCR and the "Resignation" coping mode partially mediates the relationship between hope level and FCR,suggesting that enhancing hope levels and encouraging active coping strategies (such as confrontation) may help to reduce FCR in TNBC patients.