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中华乳腺病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (05) : 267 -274. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0807.2025.05.002

论著

R-spondin 2在乳腺癌中的表达及其对SKBR-3细胞生长转移能力的影响
蒋树云1, 马志军2, 张旭2, 陈棋帅1, 耿智华贞2,()   
  1. 1 810016 西宁,青海大学研究生院
    2 810001 西宁,青海大学附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05 出版日期:2025-10-01
  • 通信作者: 耿智华贞
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金地区基金资助项目(82060485); 青海大学附属医院中青年科研基金一般项目(ASRF-2022-YB-12)

Expression of R-spondin 2 in breast cancer and its impact on proliferation and metastasis of SKBR-3 cells

Shuyun Jiang1, Zhijun Ma2, Xu Zhang2, Qishuai Chen1, Huazhen Gengzhi2,()   

  1. 1 Postgraduate School of Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2 Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University,Xining 810001,China
  • Received:2025-06-05 Published:2025-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Huazhen Gengzhi
引用本文:

蒋树云, 马志军, 张旭, 陈棋帅, 耿智华贞. R-spondin 2在乳腺癌中的表达及其对SKBR-3细胞生长转移能力的影响[J/OL]. 中华乳腺病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(05): 267-274.

Shuyun Jiang, Zhijun Ma, Xu Zhang, Qishuai Chen, Huazhen Gengzhi. Expression of R-spondin 2 in breast cancer and its impact on proliferation and metastasis of SKBR-3 cells[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Breast Disease(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(05): 267-274.

目的

探讨R-spondin 2 (RSPO2)在乳腺癌中的表达水平与临床病理特征的相关性及其对乳腺癌细胞SKBR-3恶性生物学行为的影响。

方法

从TCGA 数据库下载974个乳腺癌组织样本和113个乳腺癌癌旁组织样本,分析RSPO2在乳腺癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达差异。选择RSPO2 mRNA表达的中位数作为截断值,分为高、低表达两组,比较两组患者临床病理特征的差异。Kaplan-Meier法绘制两组患者的总生存曲线,使用Log-rank检验比较两组生存差异。通过基因本体论(GO)与京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)行基因功能富集和代谢通路分析。用RT-PCR、Western blot方法检测RSPO2在乳腺癌细胞中的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;慢病毒构建RSPO2阴性对照组(RSPO2-NC)和RSPO2敲低组(RSPO2-sh)的SKBR-3细胞株。通过CCK-8、细胞划痕、Transwell、流式细胞术等分别检测SKBR-3细胞株的增殖、转移和凋亡能力;用RT-PCR、Western blot方法检测β-catenin、Cyclin D1、C-myc等表达。计量资料的两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用LSD法。

结果

在非配对的样本中,癌组织的RSPO2表达水平高于癌旁组织[0.046(0.022,0.146)比0.027(0.016,0.068),Z=2.751,P=0.006]。在配对的癌与癌旁组织样本中,癌组织中RSPO2的表达水平高于其对应的癌旁组织[0.022(0.000,0.076)比0.000(0.000,0.042),Z=-2.200,P=0.028]。RSPO2表达与患者的ER、PR状态相关(χ2=30.869、20.224,P均<0.001)。RSPO2高表达组的OS低于RSPO2低表达组(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.05~2.11,P=0.024)。GO和KEGG分析显示RSPO2可能参与多条乳腺癌相关通路。RSPO2在T47D、HCC1937、SKBR-3、JIMT-1乳腺癌细胞中的蛋白和mRNA表达水平不同(Western blot:1.143±0.182、0.980±0.092、2.416±0.059、0.516±0.214,F=46.900,P<0.001;RT-PCR:1.094±0.075、0.961±0.102、2.634±0.131、0.822±0.221,F=104.912,P<0.001)。细胞功能学实验结果示,与RSPO2-NC组比较,RSPO2-sh组SKBR3细胞的增殖、侵袭及迁移能力降低(0.356±0.037比0.242±0.033,t=4.670,P=0.009;84.789±8.301比47.203±4.400,t=29.110,P<0.001;98.878±6.560比53.670±6.250,t=21.610,P<0.001),其凋亡能力升高(18.687±0.460比23.787±0.710,t=11.550,P<0.001);此外,RSPO2-sh组细胞内β-catenin、CyclinD1、C-myc的表达水平显著降低(2.266±0.102比1.493±0.150,t=3.540,P<0.05;1.176±0.051比0.653±0.080,t=8.050,P<0.001;1.885±0.050比0.860±0.033,t=18.530;P<0.001)。

结论

RSPO2在乳腺癌中呈高表达,RSPO2高表达与乳腺癌患者预后不良相关。RSPO2可能通过调控Wnt/β-catenin通路而影响SKBR-3细胞的生长及转移能力。

Objective

To investigate the correlation between R-spondin 2 (RSPO2) expression and clinicopathological characteristics in breast cancer,and evaluate its impact on the malignant biological behaviors of breast cancer cell line SKBR-3 in vitro.

Methods

RSPO2 expression profiles from 974 breast cancer tissue samples and 113 adjacent normal tissue samples were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to analyze difference of RSPO2 expression between cancerous and adjacent normal tissues. Samples were divided into high and low RSPO2 expression groups using the median mRNA expression level as the cutoff value,and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients was compared between two groups. Prognostic implications of RSPO2 in breast cancer patients were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,with survival curves compared via the log-rank test. Functional enrichment and pathway analyses were conducted through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The mRNA and protein expression levels of RSPO2 in breast cancer cells were determined using RT-PCR and Western blot. SKBR-3 cell lines with RSPO2 knockdown (RSPO2-sh) and negative control (RSPO2-NC) were established via lentiviral transduction. Cellular proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8,wound healing,Transwell,and flow cytometry assays,respectively. Expression levels of β-catenin,Cyclin D1,and C-myc were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Statistical analyses were performed using the independent sample t test for comparison of quantitative data between two groups,one-way ANOVA for multi-group comparisons,and the LSD test for post-hoc pairwise comparisons.

Results

In both unpaired samples,RSPO2 expression in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues [0.046 (0.022,0.146) vs 0.027 (0.016,0.068),Z=2.751,P=0.006]. In paired samples,RSPO2 expression in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues [0.022 (0.000,0.076) vs 0.000 (0.000,0.042),Z=-2.200,P=0.028] breast cancer tissues. Its expression level was significantly correlated with patients' ER status and PR status (P<0.001). Patients in the high RSPO2 expression group showed significantly lower OS compared with those in the low expression group (HR=1.50,95% CI:1.05-2.14,P=0.024). GO and KEGG analyses indicated its potential involvement in multiple pathways related to breast carcinogenesis. Results from RT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated differential expression levels of RSPO2 across the T47D,HCC1937,SKBR-3,and JIMT-1 breast cancer cell lines (Western blot: 1.143±0.182,0.980±0.092,2.416±0.059,0.516±0.214,F=46.900,P<0.001; RT-PCR: 1.094±0.075,0.961±0.102,2.634±0.131,0.822±0.221,F=104.912,P<0.001). Functional assays revealed that compared with the control group (RSPO2-NC),SKBR-3 cells in the RSPO2 knockdown group (RSPO2-sh) exhibited significantly decreased proliferation (0.356±0.037 vs 0.242±0.033,t=4.670,P=0.009),invasion (84.789±8.301 vs 47.203±4.400,t=29.110,P<0.001),and migration capabilities (98.878±6.560 vs 53.670±6.250,t=21.610,P<0.001),and significantly increased apoptosis (18.687±0.460 vs 23.787±0.710,t=11.550,P<0.001). The expression levels of β-catenin,Cyclin D1,and C-myc were significantly decreased in the RSPO2-sh group compared with the control group (2.266±0.102 vs 1.493±0.150,t=3.540,P<0.05; 1.176±0.051 vs 0.653±0.080,t=8.050,P< 0.001;1.885±0.050 vs 0.860±0.033,t=18.530,P<0.001).

Conclusion

RSPO2 is highly expressed in breast cancer. High RSPO2 expression is significantly associated with an unfavorable prognosis. RSPO2 may influence the growth and metastatic capabilities of SKBR-3 cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

表1 RSPO2表达水平与乳腺癌患者临床病理特征的相关性分析[例(%)]
图1 1 087例乳腺癌患者的总生存曲线 注:HR=1.49,95%CI:1.05~2.11,P=0.024
图2 基因本体论富集分析
图3 京都基因与基因组百科全书代谢通路分析
图4 Western blot检测不同乳腺癌细胞系中RSPO2的表达 注:a为MCF-10A细胞,b为T47D细胞,c为HCC1937细胞,d为SKBR-3细胞,e为JIMT-1细胞;β-actin为β-肌动蛋白
图5 RSPO2敲低对乳腺癌细胞SKBR-3凋亡率的影响 a图为RSPO2-NC组细胞;b图为RSPO2-sh组细胞
图6 RSPO2敲低后乳腺癌细胞SKBR-3中β-catenin、cyclin D1、C-myc的蛋白表达 注:a为RSPO2-NC组,b为RSPO2-sh组;β-catenin为β-连环蛋白 ,cyclin D1为细胞周期蛋白D1,C-myc为细胞骨髓细胞增多症病毒癌基因同源物,β-actin为β-肌动蛋白
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