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中华乳腺病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02) : 97 -102. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0807.2025.02.006

论著

FOXC1和claudin-4在三阴性乳腺癌中的表达及其与肿瘤微环境和炎症相关因子的关系
赵长燕1, 张明慧1,(), 陆春燕1   
  1. 1. 066000 秦皇岛市妇幼保健院病理科
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-07 出版日期:2025-04-01
  • 通信作者: 张明慧
  • 基金资助:
    秦皇岛市科技计划(202005A028 )

Expression of FOXC1 and claudin-4 in triple negative breast cancer and their relationships with tumor microenvironment-related and inflammatory factors

Changyan Zhao1, Minghui Zhang1,(), Chunyan Lu1   

  1. 1. Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
  • Received:2024-08-07 Published:2025-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Minghui Zhang
引用本文:

赵长燕, 张明慧, 陆春燕. FOXC1和claudin-4在三阴性乳腺癌中的表达及其与肿瘤微环境和炎症相关因子的关系[J/OL]. 中华乳腺病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 97-102.

Changyan Zhao, Minghui Zhang, Chunyan Lu. Expression of FOXC1 and claudin-4 in triple negative breast cancer and their relationships with tumor microenvironment-related and inflammatory factors[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Breast Disease(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(02): 97-102.

目的

探讨叉头框蛋白C1(FOXC1)和紧密连接蛋白4(claudin-4)在三阴性乳腺癌中的表达及其与肿瘤微环境、炎症相关因子的关系。

方法

根据纳入及排除标准,选取2021年1月至2023年6月秦皇岛市妇幼保健院收治的三阴性乳腺癌患者72例的临床资料进行回顾性研究。根据FOXC1检测结果将患者分为FOXC1阳性组(40例)、FOXC1阴性组(32例);根据claudin-4检测结果将患者分为claudin-4阳性组(50例)、claudin-4阴性组(22例)。另选取同期收治的非三阴性乳腺癌30例作为对照组。比较各组患者的肿瘤微环境相关因子[转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、I型胶原蛋白]和炎症相关因子[白介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞计数(WBC)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平。组间比较采用方差分析,两两比较采用Bonferroni法,检验水准调整为0.017。采用Pearson法分析FOXC1和claudin-4与肿瘤微环境、炎症因子水平的相关性。

结果

FOXC1阳性组、阴性组及对照组的TGF-β1、α-SMA、I型胶原蛋白表达及血清TNF-α、IL-6、WBC计数水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F=16.792、18.160、14.255、32.401、27.269、25.507;P均<0.001)。FOXC1阳性组各指标均高于FOXC1阴性组及对照组,FOXC1阴性组各指标均高于对照组(P均<0.017)。claudin-4阳性组、阴性组及对照组的TGF-β1、α-SMA、I型胶原蛋白表达及血清TNF-α、IL-6、WBC计数水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F=17.535、13.640、20.900、21.351、27.353、24.180;P均<0.001)。claudin-4阳性组各指标均高于FOXC1阴性组及对照组,claudin-4阴性组各指标均高于对照组(P均<0.017)。FOXC1、claudin-4表达与TGF-β1、α-SMA、I型胶原蛋白表达及血清TNF-α、IL-6、WBC计数均呈正相关(r=0.632、0.710、0.667、0.684、0.598、0.601,P均<0.001;r=0.723、0.611、0.621、0.702、0.582、0.570,P均<0.001)。

结论

FOXC1和claudin-4蛋白在三阴性乳腺癌组织中呈高表达,可能与肿瘤微环境及炎症因子相关。

Objective

To investigate the expression of the forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and the tight junction protein claudin-4 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and their relationships with the tumor microenvironment (TME)-related and inflammatory factors.

Methods

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a retrospective study was conducted on 72 TNBC patients in the Maternal and Children's Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 2021 to June 2023. According to the immunohistochemical results, the patients were divided into the FOXC1-positive group (40 cases) and the FOXC1-negative group (32 cases) or they were divided into the claudin-4-positive group (50 cases) and the claudin-4-negative group (22 cases).In addition, 30 cases of non-TNBC patients admitted during the same period served as control. The levels of tumor microenvironment-related factors [transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and type I collagen]and inflammation-related factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6), white blood cell count(WBC), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)]were compared among three groups. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons between groups, and the Bonferroni method was used for pairwise comparisons, with the significance level adjusted to 0.017. The Pearson method was used to analyze the correlations between FOXC1/ claudin-4 and TME-related and inflammatory factors.

Results

There were significant differences in the levels of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and type I collagen,TNF-α, IL-6, and WBC count among the FOXC1-positive group, the FOXC1-negative group and the control group (F=16.792, 18.160,14.255, 32.401, 27.269, 25.507; all P<0.001). The levels of all the above-mentioned parameters in the FOXC1-positive group were significantly higher than those in the FOXC1-negative group and the control group,and the values in the FOXC1-negative group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.017). There were significant differences in the levels of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and type I collagen,TNF-α, IL-6,and WBC count among the claudin-4-positive group, the claudin-4-negative group, and the control group (F=17.535, 13.640, 20.900, 21.351, 27.353, 24.180; all P<0.001). The levels of all the above-mentioned parameters in the claudin-4-positive group were significantly higher than those in the FOXC1-negative group and the control group, and the values in the claudin-4-negative group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.017). Both FOXC1 and claudin-4 expressions were positively correlated with the expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA and type I collagen and the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, and WBC count(r=0.632, 0.710, 0.667, 0.684, 0.598, 0.601, all P<0.001; r=0.723, 0.611, 0.621, 0.702, 0.582,0.570, all P<0.001).

Conclusion

The proteins FOXC1 and claudin-4 are highly expressed in the TNBC tissues, which may be related to the TME-related and inflammatory factors.

图1 三阴性乳腺癌患者癌组织中FOXC1 蛋白阳性表达(SP ×400) 注:癌组织边界不清晰、切面呈颗粒状带灰白,细胞核出现棕黄色,光镜下可见部分肿瘤细胞变性坏死,细胞核收缩
图2 三阴性乳腺癌患者癌组织中claudin-4 蛋白阳性表达(SP ×400) 注:癌组织边界清晰、切面呈灰白色,细胞质出现棕黄色,部分砂砾样,光镜下可见部分肿瘤细胞变性坏死,细胞核收缩
表1 不同FOXC1表达的乳腺癌患者临床病理特征比较(例)
表2 不同claudin-4表达的乳腺癌患者临床病理特征比较(例)
表3 FOXC1与肿瘤微环境及炎症相关因子的关系(±s
表4 claudin-4与肿瘤微环境及炎症相关因子的关系(±s
表5 FOXC1、claudin-4表达与肿瘤微环境、炎症因子的相关性
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