| ［1］ |
Goddard ET，Bassale S，Schedin T，et al. Association between postpartum breast cancer diagnosis and metastasis and the clinical features underlying risk ［J］. JAMA Netw Open，2019，2（1）：e186997.
|
| ［2］ |
Borges VF，Lyons TR，Germain D，et al. Postpartum involution and cancer：an opportunity for targeted breast cancer prevention and treatments？ ［J］. Cancer Res，2020，80（9）：1790-1798.
|
| ［3］ |
Jindal S，Pennock ND，Sun D，et al. Postpartum breast cancer has a distinct molecular profile that predicts poor outcomes ［J］. Nat Commun，2021，12（1）：6341.
|
| ［4］ |
Zhang Z，Ye S，Bernhardt SM，et al. Postpartum breast cancer and survival in women with germline BRCA pathogenic variants ［J］. JAMA Netw Open，2024，7（4）：e247421.
|
| ［5］ |
Lefrere H，Moore K，Floris G，et al. Poor outcome in postpartum breast cancer patients is associated with distinct molecular and immunologic features ［J］. Clin Cancer Res，2023，29（18）：3729-3743.
|
| ［6］ |
邵志敏，沈镇宙，徐兵河，等. 乳腺肿瘤学［M］. 3版. 上海：复旦大学出版社，2022：795-796.
|
| ［7］ |
Alfasi A，Ben-Aharon I. Breast cancer during pregnancy-current paradigms，paths to explore ［J］. Cancers，2019，11（11）：1669.
|
| ［8］ |
Amant F，Loibl S，Neven P，et al. Breast cancer in pregnancy ［J］. Lancet，2012，379（9815）：570-579.
|
| ［9］ |
Ruiz R，Herrero C，Strasser-Weippl K，et al. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of pregnancy-associated breast cancer：a review ［J］. Breast，2017，35：136-141.
|
| ［10］ |
Shagisultanova E，Gao D，Callihan E，et al. Overall survival is the lowest among young women with postpartum breast cancer ［J］. Eur J Cancer，2022，168：119-127.
|
| ［11］ |
Traci RL，Jenean OB，Virginia B，et al. Postpartum mammary gland involution drives DCIS progression through collagen and COX-2 ［J］. Nat Med，2014，17（9）：1109-1115.
|
| ［12］ |
Chuang SC，Lin CH，Lu YS，et al. Association of pregnancy and mortality in women diagnosed with breast cancer：a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan ［J］. Int J Cancer，2018，143（10）：2416-2424.
|
| ［13］ |
Callihan EB，Gao D，Jindal S，et al. Postpartum diagnosis demonstrates a high risk for metastasis and merits an expanded definition of pregnancy-associated breast cancer ［J］. Breast Cancer Res Treat，2013，138（2）：549-559.
|
| ［14］ |
Paluch-Shimon S，Cardoso F，Partridge AH，et al. ESO-ESMO 4th international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women （BCY4） ［J］. Ann Oncol，2020，31（6）：674-696.
|
| ［15］ |
林锦娜，刘强. 第4版《年轻女性乳腺癌国际共识指南》更新要点解读［J/OL］. 中华乳腺病杂志（电子版），2021，15（4）：195-200.
|
| ［16］ |
Choi M，Han J，Yang BR，et al. Prognostic impact of pregnancy in Korean patients with breast cancer ［J］. Oncologist，2019，24（12）：e1268-e1276.
|
| ［17］ |
Johansson A，Andersson TM，Hsieh CC，et al. Tumor characteristics and prognosis in women with pregnancy-associated breast cancer ［J］. Int J Cancer，2018，142（7）：1343-1354.
|
| ［18］ |
Nguyen B，Venet D，Lambertini M，et al. Imprint of parity and age at first pregnancy on the genomic landscape of subsequent breast cancer ［J］. Breast Cancer Res，2019，21（1）：25.
|
| ［19］ |
Schedin P. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer and metastasis ［J］. Nat Rev Cancer，2006，6（4）：281-291.
|
| ［20］ |
Key TJ，Appleby PN，Reeves GK，et al. Insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF1），IGF binding protein 3 （IGFBP3），and breast cancer risk：pooled individual data analysis of 17 prospective studies ［J］. Lancet Oncol，2010，11（6）：530-542.
|
| ［21］ |
Wu MH，Chou YC，Chou WY，et al. Relationships between critical period of estrogen exposure and circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） in breast cancer：evidence from a case-control study ［J］. Int J Cancer，2010，126（2）：508-514.
|
| ［22］ |
Lyons TR，Schedin PJ，Borges VF. Pregnancy and breast cancer：when they collide ［J］. J Mammary Gland Biol，2009，14（2）：87-98.
|
| ［23］ |
Sara JS，Ruth MP，James LJ，et al. Hormone-related risk factors and postmenopausal breast cancer among nulliparous versus parous women：an aggregated study ［J］. Am J Epidemiol，2011，173（5）：509-517.
|
| ［24］ |
Li CI，Malone KE，Porter PL，et al. Relationship between menopausal hormone therapy and risk of ductal，lobular，and ductal-lobular breast carcinomas ［J］. Cancer Epidem Biomar，2008，17（1）：43-50.
|
| ［25］ |
Katz TA. Potential mechanisms underlying the protective effect of pregnancy against breast cancer：a focus on the IGF pathway ［J］. Front Oncol，2016，6：228.
|
| ［26］ |
Breast cancer and breastfeeding：collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries，including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease ［J］. Lancet，2002，360（9328）：187-195.
|
| ［27］ |
John EM，Hines LM，Phipps AI，et al. Reproductive history，breast-feeding and risk of triple negative breast cancer：the breast cancer etiology in minorities （BEM） study ［J］. Int J Cancer，2018，142（11）：2273-2285.
|
| ［28］ |
Palmer JR，Viscidi E，Troester MA，et al. Parity，lactation，and breast cancer subtypes in African American women：results from the AMBER Consortium ［J］. J Natl Cancer Inst，2014，106（10）：dju237.
|
| ［29］ |
Mossberg AK，Hun MK，Morozova-Roche LA，et al. Structure and function of human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells （HAMLET）-type complexes ［J］. FEBS J，2010，277（22）：4614-4625.
|
| ［30］ |
Islami F，Liu Y，Jemal A，et al. Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk by receptor status-a systematic review and meta-analysis ［J］. Ann Oncol，2015，26（12）：2398-2407.
|
| ［31］ |
Jenean OB，Traci L，Jenifer M，et al. Alternatively activated macrophages and collagen remodeling characterize the postpartum involuting mammary gland across species ［J］. Am J Pathol，2010，176（3）：1241-1255.
|
| ［32］ |
Schafer M，Werner S. Cancer as an overhealing wound：an old hypothesis revisited ［J］. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol，2008，9（8）：628-638.
|
| ［33］ |
Lisa MC，Zena W. Inflammation and cancer ［J］. Nature，2002，420（6917）：860-867.
|
| ［34］ |
Gauthier ML，Berman HK，Miller C，et al. Abrogated response to cellular stress identifies DCIS associated with subsequent tumor events and defines basal-like breast tumors ［J］. Cancer Cell，2007，12（5）：479-491.
|
| ［35］ |
Visscher DW，Pankratz VS，Santisteban M，et al. Association between cyclooxygenase-2 expression in atypical hyperplasia and risk of breast cancer ［J］. J Natl Cancer Inst，2008，100（6）：421-427.
|
| ［36］ |
Tamburini B，Elder AM，Finlon JM，et al. PD-1 blockade during post-partum involution reactivates the anti-tumor response and reduces lymphatic vessel density ［J］. Front Immunol，2019，10：1313.
|
| ［37］ |
Froehlich K，Schmidt A，Heger JI，et al. Breast cancer，placenta and pregnancy ［J］. Eur J Cancer，2019，115：68-78.
|
| ［38］ |
Niknejad H，Khayat-Khoei M，Peirovi H，et al. Human amniotic epithelial cells induce apoptosis of cancer cells：a new anti-tumor therapeutic strategy ［J］. Cytotherapy，2014，16（1）：33-40.
|
| ［39］ |
Tiede B，Kang Y. From milk to malignancy：the role of mammary stem cells in development，pregnancy and breast cancer ［J］. Cell Res，2011，21（2）：245-257.
|
| ［40］ |
Asselin-Labat ML，Vaillant F，Sheridan JM，et al. Control of mammary stem cell function by steroid hormone signalling ［J］. Nature，2010，465（7299）：798-802.
|
| ［41］ |
Lim E，Wu D，Pal B，et al. Transcriptome analyses of mouse and human mammary cell subpopulations reveals multiple conserved genes and pathways ［J］. Cancer Res，2010，12（2）：R21.
|
| ［42］ |
Cicalese A，Bonizzi G，Pasi CE，et al. The tumor suppressor p53 regulates polarity of self-renewing divisions in mammary stem cells ［J］. Cell，2009，138（6）：1083-1095.
|
| ［43］ |
Reed W，Sandstad B，Holm R，et al. The prognostic impact of hormone receptors and c-erbB-2 in pregnancy-associated breast cancer and their correlation with BRCA1 and cell cycle modulators ［J］. Int J Surg Pathol，2003，11（2）：65-74.
|
| ［44］ |
中华医学会外科学分会乳腺外科学组. 中国乳管镜临床实践指南（2024版） ［J］. 中国实用外科杂志，2024，44（3）：241-243.
|
| ［45］ |
杨舒涵，温健，窦怀豹，等. 乳管镜对以病理性乳头溢液为首发症状乳腺癌诊断价值分析 ［J］. 中国实用外科杂志，2020，40（10）：1159-1162.
|
| ［46］ |
Murphy J，Sherman ME，Browne EP，et al. Potential of breastmilk analysis to inform early events in breast carcinogenesis：rationale and considerations ［J］. Breast Cancer Res Treat，2016，157（1）：13-22.
|
| ［47］ |
Twigger AJ，Engelbrecht LK，Bach K，et al. Transcriptional changes in the mammary gland during lactation revealed by single cell sequencing of cells from human milk ［J］. Nat Commun，2022，13（1）：562.
|
| ［48］ |
Qin W，Tsukasaki Y，Dasgupta S，et al. Exosomes in human breast milk promote EMT ［J］. Clin Cancer Res，2016，22（17）：4517-4524.
|
| ［49］ |
Aslebagh R，Channaveerappa D，Arcaro KF，et al. Proteomics analysis of human breast milk to assess breast cancer risk ［J］. Electrophoresis，2018，39（4）：653-665.
|
| ［50］ |
Saura C，Ortiz C，Matito J，et al. Early-stage breast cancer detection in breast milk ［J］. Cancer Discov，2023，13（10）：2180-2191.
|
| ［51］ |
Cortes J，Cescon DW，Rugo HS，et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy for previously untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer （KEYNOTE-355）：a randomised，placebo-controlled，double-blind，phase 3 clinical trial ［J］. Lancet，2020，396（10265）：1817-1828.
|
| ［52］ |
Schmid P，Cortes J，Pusztai L，et al. Pembrolizumab for early triple-negative breast cancer ［J］. N Engl J Med，2020，382（9）：810-821.
|
| ［53］ |
Guo Z，Zhu Z，Lin X，et al. Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer ［J］. Biomark Res，2024，12（1）：166.
|