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中华乳腺病杂志(电子版) ›› 2019, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (05) : 296 -300. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0807.2019.05.008

所属专题: 文献

论著

乳腺癌患者术后淋巴水肿相关知识、危险因素及行为状况的研究
赵权萍1, 李凤莲2, 路潜2,()   
  1. 1. 100044 北京大学人民医院乳腺外科
    2. 100191 北京大学护理学院
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-22 出版日期:2019-10-01
  • 通信作者: 路潜
  • 基金资助:
    北京大学医学部护理科研基金(BMU20160517)

Investigation on postoperative lymphedema-related knowledge, risk factors and behaviors of breast cancer patients

Quanping Zhao1, Fenglian Li2, Qian Lu2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Breast Surgery, People’s Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
    2. School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2019-02-22 Published:2019-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Qian Lu
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Lu Qian, Email:
引用本文:

赵权萍, 李凤莲, 路潜. 乳腺癌患者术后淋巴水肿相关知识、危险因素及行为状况的研究[J/OL]. 中华乳腺病杂志(电子版), 2019, 13(05): 296-300.

Quanping Zhao, Fenglian Li, Qian Lu. Investigation on postoperative lymphedema-related knowledge, risk factors and behaviors of breast cancer patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Breast Disease(Electronic Edition), 2019, 13(05): 296-300.

目的

探讨乳腺癌患者术后淋巴水肿相关知识、危险因素及相关行为,分析目前临床健康指导对其的影响。

方法

根据纳入及排除标准,选取2017年4~8月在北京大学人民医院乳腺中心就诊的169例乳腺癌术后患者进行回顾性研究,并根据研究对象是否接受过淋巴水肿健康指导,分为有指导组(85例)和无指导组(84例)。采用相关调查表分别评估患者的淋巴水肿相关知识掌握情况、危险因素发生情况及行为情况,并比较2组在这3个方面的差异。正态分布数据采用±s表示,偏态分布数据用M(P25P75)表示。问卷得分的组间比较采用两独立样本t检验或秩和检验;率的比较采用χ2检验及Fisher精确概率法。

结果

有指导组患者的淋巴水肿相关知识得分为(15±3)分,高于无指导组的(13±3)分(t=6.169,P=0.014)。有指导组患者的淋巴水肿相关危险因素得分为1(0~3)分,无指导组为2(1~5)分,组间差异具有统计学意义(Z=1.514,P=0.020)。无指导组的淋巴水肿相关危险行为得分为17(16~18)分,有指导组为17(16~18)分,2组比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=0.438, P=0.991);而有指导组的淋巴水肿相关保护行为得分及总得分均高于无指导组[3(3~5)分比3(1~4)分,Z=1.795, P=0.003;20(19~22)分比19(18~21)分,Z=1.645, P=0.009]。

结论

淋巴水肿相关健康指导可以提高患者的相关知识水平,降低相关危险因素的发生率,改善患者的相关行为。目前临床护理工作对于乳腺癌术后患者淋巴水肿的相关健康教育有待改善。

Objective

To investigate the postoperative lymphedema-related knowledge, risk factors and behaviors of patients with breast cancer and analyze the impact of health guidance in clinic.

Methods

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 169 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Breast Surgery, People’s Hospital of Peking University from April to August 2017 were enrolled for a retrospective study. They were divided into two groups: group A (n=85) in which all patients received health guidance related to postoperative lymphedema and group B (n=84) in which all patients received no health guidance. The related questionnaires were delivered to evaluate the lymphedema-related knowledge, risk factors and behaviors of breast cancer patients. The data with normal distribution were expressed as ±s and the data with skewed distribution were expressed as M(P25-P75). The scores in the three questionnaires were compared between two groups using t test of two independent samples and rank sum test. The rate comparison was performed by χ2 test and Fisher exact test.

Results

The score in lymphedema related knowledge questionnaire was 15±3 in group A, significantly higher than 13±3 in group B (t=6.169, P=0.014). The score in risk factor evaluation was 1(0-3) in group A and 2(1-5) in group B, indicating a significant difference between two groups (Z=1.514, P=0.020). The score in risk behavior evaluation was 17(16-18) in group A, 17(16-18) in group B, suggesting no significant difference between two groups (Z=0.438, P=0.991). The score in protective behaviors and total score in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [3(3-5) vs 3(1-4), Z=1.795, P=0.003; 20(19-22) vs 19(18-21), Z=1.645, P=0.009].

Conclusions

Lymphedema-related health guidance can increase patients’ knowledge on postoperative lymphedema, reduce the relevant risk factors and improve their daily behaviors. It is necessary to promote health education concerning to lymphedema in breast cancer patients after surgery in clinical nursing.

表1 169例乳腺癌患者的基线资料[例(%)]
表2 169例乳腺癌患者淋巴水肿相关知识问卷调查结果[例(%)]
是非题描述 无指导组(n=84) 有指导组(n=85) χ2 P
保持手术侧手臂皮肤清洁滋润a 83(98.8) 84(98.8) ? 1.000
应避免手术侧手臂拎重物b 80(95.2) 85(100) 2.341 0.126
尽量避免手术侧手臂损伤b 79(94.0) 84(98.8) 1.592 0.207
避免用手术侧手臂进行重复性的剧烈活动,如擦洗浴室的瓷砖b 77(91.7) 83(97.6) 1.928 0.165
应避免在手术侧手臂上量血压、注射等 75(89.3) 83(97.6) 4.854 0.028
如果打算长途飞行或乘船,应咨询医师需要注意哪些问题 77(91.7) 78(91.8) 0.001 0.982
做家务或整理盆栽时应该戴手套,若不小心受伤应立即治疗 76(90.5) 79(92.9) 0.338 0.561
洗澡或洗碗时,尽量避免水温太热或太冷 71(84.5) 76(89.4) 0.891 0.345
如果发现手臂发红、皮温升高、增粗、沉重、疼痛,应及时找医师咨询 70(83.3) 75(88.2) 0.833 0.361
淋巴水肿只有在术后1个月内发生 65(77.4) 75(88.2) 3.502 0.061
应当穿合适的有金属丝支持的胸罩 68(81.0) 67(78.8) 0.119 0.730
手术侧手臂割伤或刺伤时,应立即清洗局部并用无菌敷料加盖 54(64.3) 69(81.2) 6.084 0.014
接受腋窝淋巴结切除及放射治疗的女性发生淋巴水肿的危险性更高 38(45.2) 67(78.8) 20.254 <0.001
手术侧手指或手腕戴稍紧的首饰也没问题 41(48.8) 63(74.1) 11.433 0.001
乳腺癌的治疗会增加淋巴水肿的概率 31(36.9) 60(70.6) 19.288 <0.001
手术侧手臂应经常暴露于阳光下 40(47.6) 46(54.1) 0.741 0.398
淋巴水肿会发生在术后任何时间 27(32.1) 54(63.5) 16.676 <0.001
手术侧手臂出现炎症或感染可能是淋巴水肿的征象 22(26.2) 29(34.1) 1.260 0.262
剪指甲时,应当剪掉指甲周围的角质层(老皮) 12(14.3) 29(34.1) 9.043 0.003
去除腋毛或手臂部汗毛时,应当使用电动剃刀 9(10.7) 27(31.8) 11.167 0.001
表3 169例乳腺癌患者的淋巴水肿相关危险因素发生情况[例(%)]
表4 169例乳腺癌患者的淋巴水肿相关行为情况[例(%)]
表5 169例乳腺癌患者的淋巴水肿相关行为得分[分,M(P25P75)]
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