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中华乳腺病杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (06) : 346 -352. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0807.2024.06.004

论著

阿帕替尼联合新辅助化疗对三阴性乳腺癌的疗效及预后分析
张晓宇1,(), 殷雨来2, 张银旭2   
  1. 1.061000 沧州,河北医科大学附属沧州市中心医院甲状腺乳腺外三科
    2.061000 沧州,河北医科大学附属沧州市中心医院研究生院
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-12 出版日期:2024-12-01
  • 通信作者: 张晓宇
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究课题(20220400)

Efficacy and prognostic analysis of apatinib combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer

Xiaoyu Zhang1,(), Yulai Yin2, Yinxu Zhang2   

  1. 1.Department III of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou 061000, China
    2.Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou 061000, China
  • Received:2024-01-12 Published:2024-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Xiaoyu Zhang
引用本文:

张晓宇, 殷雨来, 张银旭. 阿帕替尼联合新辅助化疗对三阴性乳腺癌的疗效及预后分析[J/OL]. 中华乳腺病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 346-352.

Xiaoyu Zhang, Yulai Yin, Yinxu Zhang. Efficacy and prognostic analysis of apatinib combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Breast Disease(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(06): 346-352.

目的

探究阿帕替尼联合多柔比星(A)+环磷酰胺(C)序贯白蛋白紫杉醇(T)新辅助化疗方案在三阴性乳腺癌患者中的临床疗效、预后及安全性。

方法

回顾性分析2016 年7 月至2020 年1 月在沧州市中心医院就诊的70 例三阴性乳腺癌患者,按照治疗方案分为对照组和观察组。 对照组34 例接受术前单纯AC-T 序贯化疗;观察组36 例在AC-T 基础上联合抗血管生成药物阿帕替尼。 记录化疗期间的不良反应,化疗前、后抽取患者空腹静脉血,检测血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、胸苷激酶1(TK1)和癌胚抗原(CEA)水平,并记录客观缓解率(ORR)、pCR 率和手术方式。 pCR 率、ORR、保留乳房手术率的组间比较采用χ2检验。 采用单因素和多因素Logistic 回归法分析pCR 的独立影响因素。 血清标志物水平的组间比较并用t 检验。 2 组患者不良反应发生比较采用秩和检验。 采用单因素和多因素Cox 回归法分析影响DFS 和OS 的独立预后因素。

结果

观察组的pCR 率、保留乳房手术率显著高于对照组(50.0%比23.5%,χ2=5.717,P=0.017;44.4%比20.6%,χ2=4.511,P=0.034)。 肿瘤直径、新辅助化疗方案及治疗前Ki-67 水平是pCR 的独立影响因素(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.77~0.95,P=0.003;OR=11.00,95%CI:2.37 ~51.12,P=0.002;OR=0.04,95%CI:0 ~0.44,P=0.008)。 观察组新辅助化疗后VEGF 和CEA 低于对照组(143.15±15.73 比279.08±29.03,t=24.160,P<0.001;1.78±0.23 比2.20±0.22,t=7.840,P<0.001)。 2 组患者均未观察到Ⅲ级及以上严重不良反应,主要记录了恶心呕吐、腹泻、白细胞减少、蛋白尿这4 种不良反应,组间比较不良反应发生率均无统计学意义(Z=-0.463、-0.202、-0.547、-0.814,P=0.643、0.840、0.584、0.416)。 观察组的保留乳房手术率显著高于对照组(44.4% 比20.6%,χ2=4.511,P=0.034)。 阿帕替尼联合AC-T 治疗、绝经后以及临床分期为Ⅱ期乳腺癌是DFS 的保护因素(HR=0.10,95%CI:0.02~0.51,P=0.006;HR=0.12,95%CI:0.03~0.47,P=0.002;HR=8.87,95%CI:1.87~43.77,P=0.007)。 所有因素均和患者的OS 无关。

结论

阿帕替尼联合AC-T 新辅助化疗方案在三阴性乳腺癌患者中显示了较好的临床疗效、可观的预后及可控的安全性。

Objective

To investigate the clinical efficacy, prognosis and safety of apatinib combined with doxorubicin (A) + cyclophosphamide (C) sequential albumin-bound paclitaxel (T) as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted in 70 TNBC patients treated in Cangzhou Central Hospital from July 2016 to January 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens:34 patients in the control group received preoperative AC-T chemotherapy alone, while 36 patients in the observation group received AC-T chemotherapy combined with apatinib (antiangiogenic agent). Adverse events during chemotherapy were recorded. Blood samples were collected before and after chemotherapy to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Objective response rate (ORR), pathological complete response (pCR) rate, and surgical approaches were recorded. Intergroup comparisons of pCR, ORR, and breast-conserving surgery rate were analyzed using chi-square test. Logistic regression (univariate and multivariate) was employed to identify independent predictors of pCR. Differences in serum biomarker levels between groups were compared using t test,while adverse events were analyzed by ranksum test. Cox proportional hazards regression (univariate and multivariate) was performed to identify independent prognostic factors of DFS and OS.

Results

The observation group had significantly higher pCR and breast-conserving surgery rates compared with the control group (50.0% vs 23.5%, χ2=5.717,P=0.017;44.4% vs 20.6%,χ2=4.511,P=0.034). Tumor size, neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen, and pre-treatment Ki-67 levels were identified as independent predictors of pCR (OR=0.85,95%CI:0.77-0.95,P=0.003;OR=11.00,95%CI:2.37-51.12, P=0.002;OR=0.04,95%CI:0-0.44,P=0.008). The VEGF and CEA levels after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group(279.08±29.03 vs 143.15±15.73,t=24.160,P<0.001; 2.20±0.22 vs 1.78±0.23, t=7.840,P<0.001). No serious adverse reactions of grade Ⅲor above were observed in either group. The incidences of recorded adverse events, including nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, leukopenia, and proteinuria, showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups (Z=-0.463, -0.202, -0.547, -0.814; P=0.643, 0.840, 0.584, 0.416).Patients in the observation group had a significantly higher breast-conserving surgery rate compared with the control group (44.4% vs 20.6%, χ2=4.511,P=0.034). Apatinib combined with AC-T, postmenopausal status and early stage breast cancer were protective factors of DFS (HR=0.10, 95%CI:0.02-0.51, P=0.006; HR=0.12,95%CI:0.03-0.47, P=0.002; HR=8.87,95%CI:1.87-43.77, P=0.007).

Conclusion

The regimen of apatinib combined with AC-T for neoadjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy,promising prognosis and controllable safety in TNBC patients.

表1 观察组和对照组三阴性乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗前的基线资料比较
表2 70 例三阴性乳腺癌患者病理完全缓解的单因素Logistic 回归分析
表3 70 例三阴性乳腺癌患者病理完全缓解的多因素Logistic 回归分析
表4 2 组三阴性乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗前、后血清标志物水平比较
表5 2 组患者新辅助化疗后不良反应发生情况比较[例(%)]
表6 70 例三阴性乳腺癌患者无瘤生存的Cox 单因素回归分析
表7 70 例三阴性乳腺癌患者无瘤生存的Cox 多因素回归分析
表8 70 例三阴性乳腺癌患者总生存的Cox 单因素回归分析
表9 70 例三阴性乳腺癌患者总生存的Cox 多因素回归分析
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