目的

研究乳腺癌患者术后生活质量(QOL)情况并分析其影响因素,以探讨提高患者生活质量的干预措施。

方法

采用乳腺癌生命质量测评表(FACT-B,包括身体状况、社会/家庭状况、情绪状况、功能状况和特异因素方面),对155 例乳腺癌患者术后3 个月、6 个月、1 年、2 年、3 年和5 年的情况进行调查。 对影响生活质量的因素:年龄、文化程度、婚姻状态、费用支付方式、疾病分期和术后时间6 个变量进行单因素分析;再以生活质量的得分为因变量,以单因素分析结果中P＜0.050 者为自变量(包括年龄、疾病分期、术后时间),进行多重线性回归分析。

结果

单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、不同疾病分期、不同术后时间的患者间生活质量的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.050);多重线性回归分析发现:疾病分期为中期者得分低于早期者(P=0.014),术后时间为12 个月、60 个月者得分高于术后时间3 个月者(P 值均＜0.050)。

结论

疾病分期、术后时间是QOL 的影响因素;应从影响因素出发,积极开展乳腺癌普查、躯体功能锻炼及心理疏导等有效的干预措施,提高患者的生活质量。

Objective

To investigate the quality of life (QOL) after operation in breast cancer patients and analyze its influential factors.

Methods

Using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B), the condition of 155 patients with breast cancer at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years after operation was assessed, including five dimensions: physical well-being,social/family well-being,emotional well-being,functional well-being and additional concerns. The influential factors on quality of life including age, education, marital status, mode of payment, pathological stage, and postoperative time as variables were processed for analysis of variance. QOL scores were used as dependent variables, the variables with P＜0.05 in analysis of variance (age, staging,postoperative time) as the independent variables for multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

Analysis of variance showed that QOL scores had statistical difference in different age, pathological stage, and postoperative time(P ＜0.050). Multiple linear regression analysis showed early stage breast cancer patients had higher QOL score than intermediate stage patients did, and QOL score at postoperative 12 months, 60 months was significantly higher than that at postoperative 3 months (P＜0.05).

Conclusion

Pathological stage and postoperative time are influential factors of QOL. Accordingly, the effective interventions such as extensive breast cancer screening, functional exercises and psychological counseling should be given in order to promote the QOL of patients.