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Chinese Journal of Breast Disease(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (01): 12-19. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0807.2025.01.003

• Forum of Specialists • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and its targeted therapy in breast cancer

Hangcheng Xu1, Jiayu Wang1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
  • Received:2024-10-29 Online:2025-02-01 Published:2025-03-04
  • Contact: Jiayu Wang

Abstract:

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, also known as the PAM signaling pathway, influences breast cancer development and progression through various mechanisms and plays a critical role in therapeutic resistance.Breast cancer patients with aberrant PAM signaling pathway activation typically have worse prognosis compared with those with normal signaling. In recent years, targeted therapies focusing on the PAM signaling pathway,including PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, have achieved significant progress in breast cancer treatment, particularly in improving the prognosis of hormone receptorpositive, HER-2-negative advanced breast cancer patients. This review systematically summarized key clinical studies on PAM signaling pathway inhibitors across different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, discussed the challenges in PAM pathway detection and safety management of targeted therapy, and predicted future directions in this field. Through precise detection of PAM signaling pathway and rational application of related inhibitors, more optimized treatment strategies for breast cancer patients are expected.

Key words: Breast neoplasms, PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, Hormone receptor

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