Ten hot topics of systemic treatment of breast cancer in 2024

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0807.2025.02.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Systemic therapy constitutes a critical therapy of the comprehensive treatment strategy for breast cancer. Systemic treatment has substantial advancements in 2024.However， several challenges persist that warrant further consideration and exploration. This paper summarizes several hot topics on systemic therapy of breast cancer， including optimization of neoadjuvant treatment for triple negative breast cancer in the era of immunotherapy， optimal strategies for intensive adjuvant therapy in patients without pCR following neoadjuvant treatment and first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer， selection of optimal populations for intensive adjuvant therapy with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 （CDK4/6） inhibitors， subsequent strategies after the failure of CDK4/6 inhibitor， precision first-line therapy for HER-2-positive advanced breast cancer， drug therapy for brain metastases， development landscape of antibody-drug conjugates， and clinical significance of genetic testing. These topics are proposed for discussion

Key words: Breast neoplasms, Drug therapy, Systemic treatment

Jinyi Xiao, Jinmei Zhou, Tao Wang. Ten hot topics of systemic treatment of breast cancer in 2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Breast Disease(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(02): 76-83.

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References 50

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靶点	ADC 药物	有效载荷	临床研究	入组标准（同时满足）	研究方案	主要研究结果
HER-2	T-DXd	DXd	DESTINY-Breast06 研究（NCT04494425），3 期	HR 阳性、HER-2 低表达/ 超低表达MBC；CDK4/6 抑制剂联合内分泌一线治疗6 个月内疾病进展/ 转移阶段接受≥2 线内分泌治疗/ 辅助内分泌≤24 个月内复发	T-DXd 对比TPC（卡培他滨、紫杉醇、白蛋白紫杉醇）	mPFS：13. 2 个月比　8. 1 个月，HR =0. 63，P＜0. 001
			DESTINY-Breast12 研究（NCT04739761），3b/4 期	HER-2 阳性MBC；合并/ 无脑转移；≥1种抗HER-2 治疗进展、≤2 线解救治疗；未接受过图卡替尼治疗	T-DXd	脑转移患者的12 个月PFS 率为61. 6%，12 个月CNS　PFS 率为58. 9%
			DESTINY-Breast07 研究（NCT04538742）1b/2 期	HER-2 阳性MBC；转移阶段未接受过抗肿瘤治疗	T-DXd 对比T-DXd+帕妥珠单抗	≥3 级不良反应发生率52%比62%；ILD 发生率9. 3%比14. 0%
	RC48	MMAE	RC48-C006 研究（NCT03500380），3 期	HER-2 阳性MBC；既往曲妥珠单抗+紫杉类经治	RC48 对比拉帕替尼+卡培他滨	mPFS：9. 9 个月比4. 9 个月，HR =0. 561，P =0. 0143
	ARX788	AS269	ACE-Breast-02 研究（CTR20201708），2/3 期	HER-2 阳性MBC；既往曲妥珠单抗+紫杉类经治	ARX788 对比拉帕替尼联合卡培他滨	mPFS： 11. 33 比　8. 25 个月，HR =0. 64，P =0. 0006
TROP-2	SG	SN-38	SACI-IO 研究（NCT04448886），2 期	HR 阳性MBC；既往接受过≥1 次内分泌治疗和0-1 次化疗；未接受过抗PD-1/ L1 抑制剂治疗	SG+帕博利珠单抗对比SG	mPFS：8. 12 个月比6. 22个月，HR =0. 76，P =0. 26
	Dato-DXd	DXd	TROPION-Breast01 研究（NCT05104866），3 期	HR 阳性、HER-2 阴性　MBC；既往内分泌治疗进展或不适合内分泌治疗；转移阶段接受过1～2 线化疗	Dato-DXd　对比TPC（艾立布林、卡培他滨、长春瑞滨、吉西他滨）	mPFS：6. 9 个月比　4. 9 个月，HR =0. 63，P＜0. 0001
	Dato-DXd	DXd	SPY2. 2 研究（NCT01042379），2 期	Ⅱ/ Ⅲ期；HR 阳性、HER-2 阴性/ TNBC	Dato-DXd 对比Dato-DXd+度伐利尤单抗	pCR：35. 9%比50%
	SKB264	T03	OptiTROP-Breast01 研究（NCT05347134），3 期	TNBC　MBC；既往接受过≥2 线解救化疗；紫杉类经治	芦康沙妥珠单抗对比TPC（艾立布林、卡培他滨、长春瑞滨、吉西他滨）	mPFS：6. 7 个月比2. 5 个月，HR =0. 32，P＜0. 00001
HER-3	德帕瑞妥单抗	DXd	ICARUS-BREAST01 研究（NCT04965766），2 期	HR 阳性、HER-2 阴性　MBC；既往CDK4/6 抑制剂和一线化疗进展	HER-3-DXd	ORR：53. 5%
nectin-4	恩诺单抗	MMAE	EV-202 研究（NCT04225117）2 期	HR 阳性/ TNBC　MBC；既往接受过紫杉类或蒽环类；转移阶段标准细胞毒治疗≥1 线、≤2 线；PDL1 阳性TNBC 既往接受过PD-1/ L1 抑制剂，HR 阳性/ HER-2阴性既往接受过CDK4/6 抑制剂治疗	恩诺单抗	ORR：HR 阳性/ HER-2 阴性15. 6%；TNBC　19. 0%

靶点	ADC 药物	有效载荷	临床研究	入组标准（同时满足）	研究方案	主要研究结果
HER-2	T-DXd	DXd	DESTINY-Breast06 研究（NCT04494425），3 期	HR 阳性、HER-2 低表达/ 超低表达MBC；CDK4/6 抑制剂联合内分泌一线治疗6 个月内疾病进展/ 转移阶段接受≥2 线内分泌治疗/ 辅助内分泌≤24 个月内复发	T-DXd 对比TPC（卡培他滨、紫杉醇、白蛋白紫杉醇）	mPFS：13. 2 个月比　8. 1 个月，HR =0. 63，P＜0. 001
			DESTINY-Breast12 研究（NCT04739761），3b/4 期	HER-2 阳性MBC；合并/ 无脑转移；≥1种抗HER-2 治疗进展、≤2 线解救治疗；未接受过图卡替尼治疗	T-DXd	脑转移患者的12 个月PFS 率为61. 6%，12 个月CNS　PFS 率为58. 9%
			DESTINY-Breast07 研究（NCT04538742）1b/2 期	HER-2 阳性MBC；转移阶段未接受过抗肿瘤治疗	T-DXd 对比T-DXd+帕妥珠单抗	≥3 级不良反应发生率52%比62%；ILD 发生率9. 3%比14. 0%
	RC48	MMAE	RC48-C006 研究（NCT03500380），3 期	HER-2 阳性MBC；既往曲妥珠单抗+紫杉类经治	RC48 对比拉帕替尼+卡培他滨	mPFS：9. 9 个月比4. 9 个月，HR =0. 561，P =0. 0143
	ARX788	AS269	ACE-Breast-02 研究（CTR20201708），2/3 期	HER-2 阳性MBC；既往曲妥珠单抗+紫杉类经治	ARX788 对比拉帕替尼联合卡培他滨	mPFS： 11. 33 比　8. 25 个月，HR =0. 64，P =0. 0006
TROP-2	SG	SN-38	SACI-IO 研究（NCT04448886），2 期	HR 阳性MBC；既往接受过≥1 次内分泌治疗和0-1 次化疗；未接受过抗PD-1/ L1 抑制剂治疗	SG+帕博利珠单抗对比SG	mPFS：8. 12 个月比6. 22个月，HR =0. 76，P =0. 26
	Dato-DXd	DXd	TROPION-Breast01 研究（NCT05104866），3 期	HR 阳性、HER-2 阴性　MBC；既往内分泌治疗进展或不适合内分泌治疗；转移阶段接受过1～2 线化疗	Dato-DXd　对比TPC（艾立布林、卡培他滨、长春瑞滨、吉西他滨）	mPFS：6. 9 个月比　4. 9 个月，HR =0. 63，P＜0. 0001
	Dato-DXd	DXd	SPY2. 2 研究（NCT01042379），2 期	Ⅱ/ Ⅲ期；HR 阳性、HER-2 阴性/ TNBC	Dato-DXd 对比Dato-DXd+度伐利尤单抗	pCR：35. 9%比50%
	SKB264	T03	OptiTROP-Breast01 研究（NCT05347134），3 期	TNBC　MBC；既往接受过≥2 线解救化疗；紫杉类经治	芦康沙妥珠单抗对比TPC（艾立布林、卡培他滨、长春瑞滨、吉西他滨）	mPFS：6. 7 个月比2. 5 个月，HR =0. 32，P＜0. 00001
HER-3	德帕瑞妥单抗	DXd	ICARUS-BREAST01 研究（NCT04965766），2 期	HR 阳性、HER-2 阴性　MBC；既往CDK4/6 抑制剂和一线化疗进展	HER-3-DXd	ORR：53. 5%
nectin-4	恩诺单抗	MMAE	EV-202 研究（NCT04225117）2 期	HR 阳性/ TNBC　MBC；既往接受过紫杉类或蒽环类；转移阶段标准细胞毒治疗≥1 线、≤2 线；PDL1 阳性TNBC 既往接受过PD-1/ L1 抑制剂，HR 阳性/ HER-2阴性既往接受过CDK4/6 抑制剂治疗	恩诺单抗	ORR：HR 阳性/ HER-2 阴性15. 6%；TNBC　19. 0%

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