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中华乳腺病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (01) : 1 -5. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0807.2025.01.001

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乳腺癌外科治疗理论和技术的发展与挑战
王昭雨1, 姜军1,()   
  1. 1.400038 重庆,陆军军医大学第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18 出版日期:2025-02-01
  • 通信作者: 姜军

Theories and technologies in surgical treatment of breast cancer: development and challenge

Zhaoyu Wang1, Jun Jiang1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
  • Received:2024-12-18 Published:2025-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Jun Jiang
引用本文:

王昭雨, 姜军. 乳腺癌外科治疗理论和技术的发展与挑战[J/OL]. 中华乳腺病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(01): 1-5.

Zhaoyu Wang, Jun Jiang. Theories and technologies in surgical treatment of breast cancer: development and challenge[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Breast Disease(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(01): 1-5.

乳腺癌外科治疗的理念和技术已经历了100 多年的发展,其演变历程可以分为4 个阶段:根治切除阶段、功能保护阶段、器官重建阶段和微创治疗阶段。 目前,乳腺癌的临床治疗现状是上述4 个阶段相互叠加发展,并不断完善的过程。 这一演变不仅体现了乳腺癌外科治疗从根治疾病向保护器官和功能过渡的理念深化,同时也反映出乳腺癌治疗在生理及心理关怀层面的持续进步,并借助先进技术设备不断解决临床问题,凸显乳腺外科的专科特色。 然而,制约乳腺外科技术进一步发展的问题仍然存在:学科主要疾病病因研究的突破性进展不足;乳腺外科指导性理论缺乏更新;乳腺癌外科关键技术发展速度较慢;现代技术在临床中的成功案例仍较少;乳房重建过程中感觉恢复相关技术的缺失等。其中,乳腺癌外科技术的进一步发展需要理论上的重大突破,这是现阶段的关键问题。 本文首次提出乳腺癌非根治性手术的治疗理念,旨在构建乳腺癌非根治性手术的理论和技术体系,并分析其理论依据及临床实践的可行性。 本文还系统总结了乳腺癌非根治性手术的发展现状及对经典根治术的突破条件,探讨了建立和完善乳腺癌新型临床治疗理论所需的研究方向及相关课题,期望引起学界的关注与讨论。

The concepts and techniques of surgical treatment for breast cancer have been innovated for more than 100 years and the development can be divided into four stages: radical resection, function preservation, organ reconstruction and minimally invasive treatment. Currently, clinical treatment of breast cancer is a process in which these four stages overlap and continuously progress. This evolution not only embodies the deepening of the treatment concept, shifting from radical disease elimination to organ and function protection in breast cancer surgery, but also mirrors the continuous progress in physiological and psychological care for patients. With the help of advanced technical equipment,clinical problems are constantly being solved,highlighting the specialty features of breast surgery. However, the following issues still impede the further development of breast surgery: lack of breakthroughs in the etiology of major breast diseases, few updates on guiding theories for breast surgery, slow development of key surgical techniques in breast cancer and limited successful cases using modern technology in clinical practice and few techniques related to sensory restoration during breast reconstruction. Among these, a major theoretical breakthrough of surgical techniques in breast cancer is a key point at present. This article put forward,for the first time,the treatment concept of non-radical breast cancer surgery, aiming to construct the theoretical and technical system of non-radical breast cancer surgery and analyze its theoretical basis and clinical feasibility. Moreover, it systematically summarized the current development of non-radical breast cancer surgery and its potentials as an alternative to classic radical surgery, and explored the research directions and related topics required to establish a new clinical treatment theory in breast cancer, hoping to draw the attention and spark discussions among the academic community.

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