乳腺炎症可以是一种局部病变，也可以是全身疾病的一种局部表现，是女性的常见疾病。常见的哺乳期急性乳腺炎症虽较易诊断，但在回乳指征、脓肿处理和抗生素的使用方面仍存在争议和误区。少数非哺乳期乳腺炎与炎性乳腺癌表现相似，容易造成误诊，甚至出现病情进展，导致诊治困难。笔者就乳腺炎症的常见问题，结合指南和临床实践，重点解答乳腺炎症诊治过程中的常见误区。

Breast inflammation is common in females, which is either local pathological change or local manifestation of a systemic disease. Although acute lactation inflammation is easy to diagnose, there are still some controversies and misunderstandings on indications of delactation, treatment of abscess and use of antibiotics. Some non-lactational mastitis has similar clinical manifestations to inflammatory breast cancer, which may lead to misdiagnosis, progression of disease and difficulty in treatment. In this paper, we discussed clinical problems and clarified some misunderstandings in the diagnosis and treatment of breast inflammation, based on the guidelines and clinical practice.