目的

应用乳腺导管系统铸型技术研究女性乳腺导管系统的解剖结构。

方法

对11 例成年女性乳房铸型标本进行观察和测量。

结果

整个乳腺导管系统呈树状分支,分布均匀,上下级导管管径过渡平缓,于分叉处管径略膨大。以输乳管为第1 级,多见14 级分支,最多可达19 级分支。分支类型以2 分支型为主,最多可见6 分支型。分支导管与上一级导管主轴延长线的夹角＜90°的占96.4%(106/110),其中夹角介于40°～70°之间的占81.8%(90/110)。导管分支间未见吻合现象。4～6 级乳腺导管的管径均值依次为(7.3±0.6)×10^-1、(6.1±0.7)×10^-1 及(4.3±0.7)×10^-1 mm。经扫描电镜观察发现末梢小导管管壁光滑,多呈盲管状,大部分腺泡萎缩、消失,但仍有部分末端小导管与腺泡相连。每个腺泡均呈小囊状,表面较光滑。

结论

乳腺导管系统铸型技术为临床上安全使用纤维乳管镜提供了客观数据,并为乳头溢液的发生提供了解剖学依据。

Objective

To study the anatomy of female mammary duct system using casting technique.

Methods

Casting method was used to make cast specimens of female mammary ducts from 11 adult women's breast specimens.The cast specimens were observed and measured.

Results

The whole mammary duct system showed a well-distributed tree branches, and the tube diameter between the adjacent branches appeared a flat transition.The tube diameter of the bifurcation was slightly swollen.The ductuslactiferi was the first grade, including 14 to 19 branches.The 2-branch type was the dominating type, and there was an also 6-branch type.The branch ducts and higher grade ducts on a spindle extension at an angle less than 90 degrees accounted for 96.4%(106/110), and between 40 degrees and 70 degrees accounted for 81.8%(90/110).There is no connection phenomenon between duct branches.The mean diameters of the fourth, fifth and sixth grade ducts were(7.3±0.6)×10^-1, (6.1±0.7)×10^-1 and (4.3±0.7)×10^-1 mm, respectively.The electron microscope scanning found that the terminal small duct wall was smooth, most ducts were blind,and most alveoli were atrophic and disappeared, still some terminal ducts were connected with the alveoli.Each alveolus showed a cyst form, with smooth surface.

Conclusion

The cast mould of mammary duct system creates conditions for studying the anatomical structure of mammary duct system, which provides objective data for safe application of fiberoptic ductoscopy in clinic, and anatomy evidence for nipple discharge development.