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中华乳腺病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (04) : 236 -244. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0807.2026.04.006

论著

血清标志物在肿块期肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎、乳腺癌及乳腺纤维腺瘤中的诊断价值
凌洁1, 吴世婷2, 尹勇1, 邓显光3, 周瑶3, 龚婕3, 赵丹3, 刘丽芳2,()   
  1. 1 410013 长沙,湖南省中医药研究院中医基础研究所
    2 410007 长沙,湖南中医药大学第一附属医院乳腺外科
    3 410208 长沙,湖南中医药大学研究生院
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-09 出版日期:2026-08-01
  • 通信作者: 刘丽芳
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82474519)

Diagnostic value of serum markers in mass-stage granulomatous lobular mastitis, breast cancer and breast fibroadenoma

Jie Ling1, Shiting Wu2, Yong Yin1, Xianguang Deng3, Yao Zhou3, Jie Gong3, Dan Zhao3, Lifang Liu2,()   

  1. 1 Institute of Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
    2 Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
    3 Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
  • Received:2026-03-09 Published:2026-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Lifang Liu
  • About author:

    Ling Jie and Wu Shiting contributed equally to the article

引用本文:

凌洁, 吴世婷, 尹勇, 邓显光, 周瑶, 龚婕, 赵丹, 刘丽芳. 血清标志物在肿块期肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎、乳腺癌及乳腺纤维腺瘤中的诊断价值[J/OL]. 中华乳腺病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 236-244.

Jie Ling, Shiting Wu, Yong Yin, Xianguang Deng, Yao Zhou, Jie Gong, Dan Zhao, Lifang Liu. Diagnostic value of serum markers in mass-stage granulomatous lobular mastitis, breast cancer and breast fibroadenoma[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Breast Disease(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(04): 236-244.

目的

检测肿块期肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(GLM)、乳腺癌及乳腺纤维腺瘤患者血清标志物的表达水平,探讨其诊断价值。

方法

本研究采用横断面设计,纳入2021年12月至2022年10月在湖南中医药大学第一附属医院就诊的肿块期GLM、乳腺癌与乳腺纤维腺瘤患者各55例开展诊断性试验。以手术病理诊断为金标准。记录患者年龄、性别、身高、体质量、BMI,检测血常规和肝肾功能,采用RT-PCR技术检测所有研究对象血清中miR-451a、miR-5571-3p、CLN6、11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶1型(HSD11B1)及磷酸二酯酶4型(PDE4)5个标志物的表达水平。分析3组患者临床指标及5个血清标志物的表达水平差异,并通过受试者操作特征曲线下面积(AUC)、Pearson相关性分析及排除年龄这一混杂因素的敏感性分析,评估5个血清标志物的诊断价值、关联性及结果的稳健性。

结果

GLM组、乳腺癌组及纤维腺瘤组的BMI分别为(23.9±3.6)、(22.4±3.9)及(21.3±3.2)kg/m2,差异有统计学意义(F=10.136,P<0.001)。3组的白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞(N)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血小板计数(PLT)及球蛋白(GLO)水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(H=73.693、72.788、33.533、56.689、20.531、35.497,P均<0.001);GLM组上述指标显著高于纤维腺瘤组和乳腺癌组(P<0.05)。3组血清中miR-451a、miR-5571-3p、CLN6、HSD11B1、PDE4表达比较,差异有统计学意义(H=99.760、80.560、73.550、75.966、74.998,P均<0.001), 与纤维腺瘤组相比,miR-451a和miR-5571-3p在GLM组中的表达 [0.95(0.58,1.19)、7.36(4.38,9.50)] 升高,在乳腺癌组表达[0.08(0.05,0.14)、0.48(0.22,0.72)] 降低(P<0.001,P<0.01);GLM和乳腺癌组血清中CLN6 基因表达水平[1.14(0.80,1.69)、1.38(1.00,2.22)] 均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),乳腺癌组HSD11B1、PDE4的表达[1.80(1.17,2.66)、1.40(1.01,2.40)]高于GLM组[0.93(0.55,1.37)、0.69(0.47,1.13)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对于肿块期GLM, miR-451a(AUC=0.96,95%CI:0.91~1.00)、miR-5571-3p(AUC=0.90,95%CI:0.85~0.96)、miR-451a联合miR-5571-3p (AUC=1.00,95%CI:1.00~1.00)可能具有很高的诊断价值。对于乳腺癌,miR-451a联合miR-5571-3p(AUC=0.98,95%CI:0.96~1.00)可能具有很高的诊断价值;miR-451a(AUC=0.85,95%CI:0.79~0.92)、miR-5571-3p(AUC=0.83,95%CI:0.76~0.90)、HSD11B1(AUC=0.84,95%CI:0.77~0.91)、PDE4(AUC=0.83,95%CI:0.76~0.90)可能具有良好的诊断价值;CLN6(AUC=0.75,95%CI:0.67~0.83)可能具有中等诊断价值。对于乳腺纤维腺瘤,CLN6可能具有很高的诊断价值(AUC=0.91,95%CI:0.86~0.95);HSD11B1(AUC=0.88,95%CI:0.83~0.93)、PDE4(AUC=0.88,95%CI:0.83~0.94)可能具有良好的诊断价值;miR-451a联合miR-5571-3p(AUC=0.76,95%CI:0.63~0.88)可能具有中等诊断价值。miR-451a与miR-5571-3p、CLN6与HSD11B1、HSD11B1与PDE4呈中等程度正相关(r=0.637、0.402、0.503,P均<0.05);miR-451a和miR-5571-3p与WBC、N、NLR及CRP亦呈中等程度正相关(r=0.434~0.659,P均<0.05)。

结论

miR-451a与miR-5571-3p(尤其是二者联合检测)对肿块期GLM可能有较好的诊断价值; miR-451a联合miR-5571-3p对乳腺癌、CLN6对乳腺纤维腺瘤均展现出较好的潜在诊断价值,有望为相关疾病的鉴别诊断提供依据。

Objective

To detect the expression levels of serum biomarkers in patients with mass-stage granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM), breast cancer and breast fibroadenoma based on high-throughput sequencing results, and to explore their diagnostic values.

Methods

A cross-sectional diagnostic trial was conducted. A total of 165 patients (55 cases in each group) with mass-stage GLM, breast cancer and breast fibroadenoma in the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine from December 2021 to October 2022 were enrolled. Surgical pathological diagnosis was used as the gold standard. General data including age, gender, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were collected; routine blood tests, liver and kidney function tests were performed. RT-PCR was adopted to detect the serum expression levels of miR-451a, miR-5571-3p, CLN6, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) and phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4). Statistical differences in clinical indicators and the serum levels of the five biomarkers among the three groups were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC), Pearson correlation analysis and sensitivity analysis adjusting for age as a confounding factor were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy, correlation and result robustness of the five serum biomarkers.

Results

The BMI in the GLM group, breast cancer group and fibroadenoma group was 23.9±3.6, 22.4±3.9 and 21.3±3.2 respectively, with a statistically significant difference (F=10.136, P<0.001). There were significant differences in white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (N), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet count (PLT) and globulin (GLO) among the three groups (H=73.693, 72.788, 33.533, 56.689, 20.531, 35.497, all P<0.001); all above indicators were significantly higher in the GLM group than in the fibroadenoma group and breast cancer group (P<0.05). Comparison of the serum levels of miR-451a, miR-5571-3p, CLN6, HSD11B1, and PDE4 among the three groups revealed significant differences (H=99.760, 80.560, 73.550, 75.966, 74.998, all P<0.001). Compared with the fibroadenoma group, the expression of miR-451a and miR-5571-3p was significantly increased in the GLM group [0.95 (0.58, 1.19) and 7.36 (4.38, 9.50)], but significantly decreased in the breast cancer group [0.08 (0.05, 0.14) and 0.48 (0.22, 0.72)] (P<0.001, P<0.01). The CLN6 expression was significantly elevated in both the GLM and breast cancer groups, indicating a significant difference between two groups [1. 14 (0. 80, 1. 69) and 1.38 (1. 00, 2. 22), P<0.001]. The breast cancer group showed significantly higher levels of HSD11B1 and PDE4 [1.80 (1.17, 2.66) and 1.40 (1.01, 2.40)] than the GLM group [0.93 (0.55, 1.37) and 0.69 (0.47, 1.13)] (P<0.01). For GLM group, miR-451a (AUC=0.96, 95%CI: 0.91–1.00), miR-5571-3p (AUC=0.90, 95%CI: 0.85-0.96), and the combined detection of miR-451a and miR-5571-3p (AUC=1.00, 95%CI: 1.00-1.00) exhibited high diagnostic value. For breast cancer group, the combined detection of miR-451a and miR-5571-3p (AUC=0.98, 95%CI: 0.96-1.00) showed high diagnostic value; miR-451a (AUC=0.85, 95%CI: 0.79-0.92), miR-5571-3p (AUC=0.83, 95%CI: 0.76–0.90), HSD11B1 (AUC=0.84, 95%CI: 0.77-0.91) and PDE4 (AUC=0.83, 95%CI: 0.76-0.90) demonstrated good diagnostic value; CLN6 (AUC=0.75, 95%CI: 0.67-0.83) had moderate diagnostic value. For fibroadenoma group, CLN6 had high diagnostic value (AUC=0.91, 95%CI: 0.86-0.95); HSD11B1 (AUC=0.88, 95%CI: 0.83-0.93) and PDE4 (AUC=0.88, 95%CI: 0.83-0.94) showed good diagnostic value; the combined detection of miR-451a and miR-5571-3p (AUC=0.76, 95%CI: 0.63-0.88) had moderate diagnostic value. Correlation analysis demonstrated that miR-451a was moderately positively correlated with miR-5571-3p (r=0.637, P<0.05), CLN6 with HSD11B1 (r=0.402, P<0.05), and HSD11B1 with PDE4 (r=0.503, P<0.05). Both miR-451a and miR-5571-3p also showed moderate positive correlations with WBC, N, NLR and CRP (r=0.434–0.659, all P<0.05).

Conclusion

miR-451a and miR-5571-3p, especially their combined detection, show high diagnostic value for mass-stage GLM. The combination of miR-451a and miR-5571-3p for breast cancer and CLN6 for breast fibroadenoma show promising potential in diagnostic value, which may provide evidences for differential diagnosis.

表1 荧光定量PCR引物信息表
表2 3组患者的临床指标比较
表3 3组患者血清生物标志物的表达水平比较[MP25P75)]
表4 GLM组和非GLM组患者血清生物标志物表达ROC分析(n=165)
表5 乳腺癌组与非乳腺癌组患者血清生物标志物表达ROC分析(n=165)
表6 纤维腺瘤组与非纤维腺瘤组患者血清生物标志物表达ROC分析(n=165)
图1 生物标志物之间的相关性分析热图 注:红色代表正相关,蓝色代表负相关,数字代表r值,|r|的值越接近1,上述指标之间的相关性就越强,但是只有miR-451a与miR-5571-3p,CLN6与 HSD11B1,CLN6与PDE4,HSD11B1与PDE4的相关性分析中,P<0.05;miR-451a与miR-5571-3p之间的相关性最强;miR-451a为微小RNA-451a;miR-5571-3p为微小RNA-5571-3p;CLN6为CLN6基因;HSD11B1为11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶1型;PDE4为磷酸二酯酶4
图2 生物标志物与临床指标之间的相关性分析热图 注:红色代表正相关,蓝色代表负相关,数字代表r值,|r|值越接近1,上述指标之间的相关性越强, 但是只有miR-451a 与 WBC、N、NLR、CRP、PLT、GLO,miR-5571-3p与WBC、N、NLR、CRP、PLT、GLO、TP、CREA,CLN6与CRP、TP的相关性分析中P<0.05;miR-5571-3p与N之间的相关性最强;miR-451a为微小RNA-451a;miR-5571-3p为微小RNA-5571-3p;CLN6为CLN6基因;HSD11B1为11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶1型;PDE4为磷酸二酯酶4;WBC为白细胞计数;N为中性粒细胞;NLR为中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值;CRP为C反应蛋白;Hb为血红蛋白;PLT为血小板计数;GLO为球蛋白;TP为总蛋白;ALT为谷丙转氨酶;AST为谷草转氨酶;CREA为肌酐
表7 各生物标志物对不同亚组患者的ROC分析
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