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中华乳腺病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (04) : 219 -227. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0807.2026.04.004

论著

3种细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4/6抑制剂在激素受体阳性/HER-2阴性乳腺癌中的疗效和安全性分析
于世元, 邓嘉诚, 王磊, 孙旭, 李朦, 李响, 张熠, 史若彤, 吕铮()   
  1. 130021 长春,吉林大学白求恩第一医院肿瘤中心肿瘤科
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-24 出版日期:2026-08-01
  • 通信作者: 吕铮

Efficacy and safety analysis of three cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in hormone receptor-positive/HER-2-negative breast cancer

Shiyuan Yu, Jiacheng Deng, Lei Wang, Xu Sun, Meng Li, Xiang Li, Yi Zhang, Ruotong Shi, Zheng Lyu()   

  1. Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
  • Received:2026-04-24 Published:2026-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Zheng Lyu
引用本文:

于世元, 邓嘉诚, 王磊, 孙旭, 李朦, 李响, 张熠, 史若彤, 吕铮. 3种细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4/6抑制剂在激素受体阳性/HER-2阴性乳腺癌中的疗效和安全性分析[J/OL]. 中华乳腺病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 219-227.

Shiyuan Yu, Jiacheng Deng, Lei Wang, Xu Sun, Meng Li, Xiang Li, Yi Zhang, Ruotong Shi, Zheng Lyu. Efficacy and safety analysis of three cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in hormone receptor-positive/HER-2-negative breast cancer[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Breast Disease(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(04): 219-227.

目的

探讨国内已上市的3种细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4/6(CDK4/6)抑制剂(阿贝西利、达尔西利、瑞波西利)在激素受体(HR)阳性/HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者中的疗效和安全性。

方法

回顾性分析2021年3月至2025年12月吉林省4家医院(吉林大学白求恩第一、第二、第三医院和吉林省肿瘤医院)接受CDK4/6抑制剂治疗的337例HR阳性/HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者临床资料。根据患者临床分期分为早期队列(临床Ⅱ~Ⅲ期,160例)和晚期队列(临床Ⅳ期,177例);根据CDK4/6抑制剂的用药方案,分为阿贝西利组(82例)、达尔西利组(119例)和瑞波西利组(136例)。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,Log-rank检验进行生存分析。分析各组患者不良事件(AE)发生情况,采用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。

结果

随访至2026年1月1日,早期队列中阿贝西利组、达尔西利组和瑞波西利组患者3年无浸润性疾病生存率分别为83.2%、87.4%和100%,3组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.338,P=0.025);晚期队列中阿贝西利组、达尔西利组和瑞波西利组患者中位无进展生存分别为32.0(95%CI:25.3~NA)、36.7(95%CI:30.4~NA)、24.2(95%CI:22.2~NA)个月,3组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.292,P=0.193)。阿贝西利组、达尔西利组和瑞波西利组早期队列中患者AE总体发生率分别为97.2%(35/36)、96.8%(30/31)和97.8%(91/93),晚期队列中患者AE总体发生率分别为95.7%(44/46)、97.7%(86/88)和97.7%(42/43)。早期和晚期队列中3组患者AE发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.125、0.525,P=0.939、0.769)。患者贫血[早期队列55. 6%(20/36),晚期队列69. 6%(32/46)]、腹泻[早期队列88.9%(32/36),晚期队列89.1%(41/46)]、间质性肺疾病[早期队列5.6%(2/36),晚期队列8.7%(4/46)]、静脉血栓栓塞[早期队列2.8%(1/36),晚期队列6.5%(3/46)]在阿贝西利组发生率最高。中性粒细胞计数降低[早期队列93.5%(29/31),晚期队列94.3%(83/88)]、白细胞计数降低[早期队列93.5%(29/31),晚期队列95.4%(84/88)]在达尔西利组发生率最高。丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)/天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)升高[早期队列34.4%(32/93)/36.6%(34/93),晚期队列均为39.5%(17/43)]、校正QT间期延长[早期队列1.1%(1/93),晚期队列2.3%(1/43)]在瑞波西利组发生率最高。多因素分析结果显示,药物类型为患者发生≥3级AE的独立危险因素,早期队列中阿贝西利组(OR=2.847,95%CI:1.270~6.384,P=0.011)、达尔西利组(OR=7.047,95%CI:2.776~17.889,P<0.001)≥3级AE风险均高于瑞波西利组;晚期队列中达尔西利组(OR=4.670,95%CI:2.054~10.618,P<0.001)≥3级AE风险高于阿贝西利组,瑞波西利组(OR=2.365,95%CI:0.948~5.900,P=0.065)≥3级AE风险与阿贝西利组差异无统计学意义。

结论

对于HR阳性/HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者,3种CDK4/6抑制剂均有效且安全。使用不同药物患者发生AE的类型及≥3级AE风险存在差异。

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of three cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors (abemaciclib, dalpiciclib, and ribociclib) currently available in China for patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER-2-negative (HR+/HER-2-) breast cancer.

Methods

Clinical data of 337 HR+/HER-2- breast cancer patients who received CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy at four hospitals in Jilin Province (the First, Second, and Third Bethune Hospitals of Jilin University, and Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital) from March 2021 to December 2025 were retrospectively collected. Patients were stratified by clinical stage into the early-stage cohort (stage Ⅱ–Ⅲ, n=160) and the advanced-stage cohort (stage Ⅳ, n=177), and by different CDK4/6 inhibitors received, into the abemaciclib group (n=82), dalpiciclib group (n=119), and ribociclib group (n=136). Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and intergroup comparisons were performed using the log-rank test. Analyze the occurrence of adverse events (AE) in each group of patients, and the factors influencing AE were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

All patients were followed up until January 1, 2026. In the early-stage cohort, the 3-year invasive disease-free survival rates for the abemaciclib, dalpiciclib, and ribociclib groups were 83.2%, 87.4%, and 100%, respectively,indicating a significant difference across the three groups (χ2=7. 338,P=0. 025). In the advanced-stage cohort, the median progression-free survival in the three groups was 32.0 months (95%CI: 25.3–NA), 36.7 months (95%CI: 30.4–NA), and 24.2 months (95%CI: 22.2–NA), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ2=3. 292,P=0. 193). The overall incidences of AE in the early-stage cohort were 97.2% (35/36), 96.8% (30/31), and 97.8% (91/93) for the abemaciclib, dalpiciclib, and ribociclib groups, respectively; in the advanced-stage cohort, the corresponding incidences were 95.7% (44/46), 97.7% (86/88), and 97.7%(42/43), respectively, with no statistically significant difference in both cohorts (χ2=0.125, 0.525; P=0.939, 0.769). The AE profiles differed substantially among the three CDK4/6 inhibitors. The abemaciclib group showed the highest incidences of anemia [early-stage cohort: 55.6% (20/36); advanced-stage cohort: 69.6% (32/46)], diarrhea [early-stage cohort: 88.9% (32/36); advanced-stage cohort: 89.1% (41/46)], interstitial lung disease (ILD) [early-stage cohort: 5.6% (2/36); advanced-stage cohort: 8.7% (4/46)], and venous thromboembolism (VTE) [early-stage cohort: 2.8% (1/36); advanced-stage cohort: 6.5% (3/46)]. The dalpiciclib group had the highest incidences of neutropenia [early-stage cohort: 93.5% (29/31); advanced-stage cohort: 94.3% (83/88)] and leukopenia [early-stage cohort: 93.5% (29/31); advanced-stage cohort: 95.4% (84/88)]. The ribociclib group showed the highest incidences of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) /aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [early-stage cohort: 34.4% (32/93)/36.6% (34/93); advanced-stage cohort: 39.5% (17/43) for both] and QTc interval prolongation [early-stage cohort: 1.1% (1/93); advanced-stage cohort: 2.3% (1/43)]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that drug type was an independent risk factor for grade ≥3 AEs. In the early-stage cohort, both abemaciclib (OR=2.847, 95%CI: 1.270–6.384, P=0.011) and dalpiciclib group (OR=7.047, 95%CI: 2.776–17.889, P<0.001) had a higher risk of grade ≥3 AEs compared with ribociclib group. In the advanced-stage cohort, dalpiciclib group (OR=4.670, 95%CI: 2.054–10.618, P<0.001) had a significantly higher risk of grade ≥3 AEs than abemaciclib group, while the risk in ribociclib group was not significantly different from that in the abemaciclib group (OR=2.365, 95%CI: 0.948–5.900, P=0.065).

Conclusion

All three CDK4/6 inhibitors demonstrated favorable efficacy and acceptable safety in patients with HR+/HER-2- breast cancer; however, their AE profiles and risk of grade ≥3 AEs differ significantly.

表1 早期和晚期队列中使用不同药物的HR+/HER-2-乳腺癌患者基线情况[例(%)]
临床病理特征 早期队列(n=160) χ2 P 晚期队列(n=177) χ2 P
阿贝西利组(n=36) 达尔西利组(n=31) 瑞波西利组(n=93) 阿贝西利组(n=46) 达尔西利组(n=88) 瑞波西利组(n=43)
性别
35(97.2) 31(100) 92(98.9) 1.308 0.664a 44(95.7) 88(100) 43(100) - 0.124a
1(2.8) 0(0) 1(1.1) 2(4.3) 0(0) 0(0)
年龄
≤40岁 5(13.9) 2(6.5) 15(16.1) - 0.460a 0(0) 3(3.4) 4(9.3) - 0.073a
>40岁 31(86.1) 29(93.5) 78(83.9) 46(100.0) 85(96.6) 39(90.7)
月经状态
绝经前 20(55.6) 12(38.7) 44(47.3) 1.899 0.390 4(8.7) 23(26.1) 14(32.6) - 0.380a
绝经后 16(44.4) 19(61.3) 49(52.7) 42(91.3) 65(73.9) 29(67.4)
ECOG PS评分
0~1分 32(88.9) 28(90.3) 85(91.4) - 0.578a 40(87.0) 73(83.0) 38(88.4) - 0.758a
≥2分 4(11.1) 3(9.7) 8(8.6) 6(13.0) 15(17.0) 5(11.6)
病理类型
浸润性导管癌 34(94.6) 27(87.1) 73(78.5) - 0.151a 31(67.4) 61(69.3) 38(88.4) - 0.070a
浸润性小叶癌 0(0) 0(0) 7(7.5) 2(4.3) 7(8.0) 0(0)
其他 2(5.4) 4(12.9) 13(14.0) 13(28.3) 20(22.7) 5(11.6)
组织学分级
1级 2(5.6) 3(9.7) 7(7.5) 0.714 0.700b 3(6.5) 6(6.8) 2(4.7) 3.130 0.209b
2级 31(86.1) 25(80.6) 82(88.2) 30(65.2) 75(79.5) 33(76.7)
3级 3(8.3) 3(9.7) 4(4.3) 13(28.3) 14(13.6) 8(18.6)
ER
阴性 1(2.8) 0(0) 2(2.2) - 1.000a 0(0) 1(1.1) 0(0) - 1.000a
阳性 35(97.2) 31(100) 91(97.8) 46(100.0) 87(98.9) 43(100)
PR
阴性 6(16.7) 6(19.4) 19(20.4) 0.235 0.961 9(19.6) 17(19.3) 7(16.3) 0.211 0.907
阳性 30(83.3) 25(80.6) 74(79.6) 37(80.4) 71(80.7) 36(83.7)
Ki-67
≤30% 32(88.9) 26(83.9) 84(90.3) - 0.578a 35(76.1) 66(75.0) 31(72.1) 0.204 0.924
>30% 4(11.1) 5(16.1) 9(9.7) 11(23.9) 22(25.0) 12(27.9)
内分泌药物
他莫昔芬 3(8.3) 3(9.7) 0(0) - 0.309a - - - - -
AI类 33(91.7) 28(90.3) 93(100) 32(69.6) 62(70.5) 35(81.4) 2.095 0.345
氟维司群 - - - - - 14(30.4) 26(29.5) 8(18.6)
图1 早期和晚期队列HR+/HER-2-乳腺癌患者的生存曲线 A图为早期队列(n=160);B图为晚期队列(n=177) 注:HR为激素受体;HER为人表皮生长因子受体
图2 早期和晚期队列中使用不同药物的HR+/HER-2-乳腺癌患者的生存曲线 A图为早期队列(n=160);B图为晚期队列(n=177) 注:HR为激素受体;HER为人表皮生长因子受体
表2 早期和晚期队列中使用不同药物的HR+/HER-2-乳腺癌患者不良反应发生情况 [例(%)]
不良反应 早期队列(n=160) 晚期队列(n=177)
阿贝西利组(n=36) 达尔西利组(n=31) 瑞波西利组(n=93) 阿贝西利组(n=46) 达尔西利组(n=88) 瑞波西利组(n=43)
白细胞计数降低
1级 6(16.7) 3(9.7) 13(14.0) 8(17.4) 6(6.8) 4(9.3)
2级 9(25.0) 4(12.9) 30(32.3) 15(32.6) 11(12.5) 10(23.3)
3级 5(13.9) 18(58.1) 11(11.8) 9(19.6) 58(65.9) 22(51.2)
4级 0(0) 4(12.9) 0(0) 0(0) 9(10.2) 4(9.3)
中性粒细胞计数降低
1级 8(22.2) 3(9.7) 10(10.8) 7(15.2) 5(5.7) 4(9.3)
2级 8(22.2) 4(12.9) 28(30.1) 14(30.4) 14(15.9) 11(25.6)
3级 7(19.4) 18(58.1) 23(24.7) 10(21.7) 55(62.5) 21(48.8)
4级 2(5.6) 4(12.9) 0(0) 2(4.3) 9(10.2) 4(9.3)
贫血
1级 10(27.8) 8(25.8) 18(19.4) 9(19.6) 20(22.7) 7(16.3)
2级 7(19.4) 9(29.0) 3(3.2) 18(39.1) 29(33.0) 11(25.6)
3级 3(8.3) 3(9.7) 1(1.1) 5(10.9) 7(8.0) 1(2.3)
血小板计数降低
1级 6(16.7) 5(16.1) 4(4.3) 6(13.0) 13(14.8) 6(14.0)
2级 2(5.6) 1(3.2) 2(2.2) 5(10.9) 7(8.0) 3(7.0)
3级 2(5.6) 1(3.2) 0(0) 2(4.3) 6(6.8) 1(2.3)
4级 0(0) 0(0) 1(1.1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)
ALT升高
1级 8(22.2) 8(25.8) 27(29.0) 13(28.3) 26(29.5) 14(32.6)
2级 1(2.8) 1(3.2) 3(3.2) 2(4.3) 2(2.3) 2(4.7)
3级 2(5.6) 1(3.2) 1(1.1) 1(1.7) 2(2.3) 1(2.3)
4级 0(0) 0(0) 1(1.1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)
AST升高
1级 9(25.0) 9(29.0) 30(32.3) 13(28.3) 28(31.8) 15(34.9)
2级 1(2.8) 1(3.2) 2(2.2) 2(4.3) 2(2.3) 1(2.3)
3级 2(5.6) 1(3.2) 1(1.1) 0(0) 2(2.3) 1(2.3)
4级 0(0) 0(0) 1(1.1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)
血胆红素升高
1级 6(16.7) 5(16.1) 11(11.8) 6(13.0) 11(12.5) 5(11.6)
2级 0(0) 1(3.2) 3(3.2) 1(2.2) 4(4.5) 1(2.3)
3级 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 3(3.4) 0(0)
4级 1(2.8) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)
肌酐升高
1级 7(19.4) 4(12.9) 4(4.3) 12(26.1) 14(15.9) 10(23.3)
2级 1(2.8) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 3(3.4) 2(4.7)
QTc间期延长
1级 1(2.8) 1(3.2) 2(2.2) 0(0) 2(2.3) 2(4.7)
2级 0(0) 0(0) 1(1.1) 0(0) 0(0) 1(2.3)
腹泻
1级 10(27.8) 2(6.5) 1(1.1) 13(28.3) 4(4.5) 3(7.0)
2级 13(36.1) 0(0) 1(1.1) 14(30.4) 1(1.1) 5(11.6)
3级 9(25.0) 0(0) 2(2.2) 14(30.4) 1(1.1) 0(0)
便秘
1级 2(5.6) 3(9.7) 7(7.5) 2(4.3) 11(12.5) 5(11.6)
2级 0(0) 2(6.5) 7(7.5) 0(0) 2(2.3) 3(7.0)
3级 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(2.3)
恶心
1级 11(30.6) 4(12.9) 9(9.7) 14(30.4) 9(10.2) 4(9.3)
2级 0(0) 1(3.2) 0(0) 2(4.3) 2(2.3) 1(2.3)
呕吐
1级 10(27.8) 2(6.5) 4(4.3) 12(26.1) 3(3.4) 2(4.7)
2级 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 2(4.3) 1(1.1) 1(2.3)
瘙痒
1级 6(16.7) 3(9.7) 7(7.5) 6(13.0) 10(11.4) 10(23.3)
2级 2(5.6) 2(6.5) 3(3.2) 4(8.7) 4(4.5) 2(4.7)
3级 0(0) 1(3.2) 1(1.1) 0(0) 3(3.4) 1(1.8)
皮疹
1级 8(22.2) 5(16.1) 11(11.8) 8(17.4) 15(17.0) 11(25.6)
2级 2(5.6) 2(6.5) 5(5.4) 3(6.5) 4(4.5) 1(2.3)
3级 0(0) 1(3.2) 1(1.1) 0(0) 3(3.4) 0(0)
脱发
1级 11(30.6) 8(25.8) 23(24.7) 12(26.1) 17(19.3) 17(39.5)
2级 2(5.6) 0(0) 2(2.2) 3(6.5) 5(5.7) 2(4.7)
疲乏
1级 19(52.8) 8(25.4) 19(20.4) 21(45.7) 21(23.9) 12(27.9)
2级 3(8.3) 2(6.5) 5(5.4) 9(19.6) 5(5.7) 2(4.7)
间质性肺疾病 2(5.6) 0(0) 0(0) 4(8.7) 2(2.3) 1(2.3)
静脉血栓栓塞 1(2.8) 1(3.2) 6(6.5) 3(6.5) 2(2.3) 1(2.3)
表3 影响HR+/HER-2-乳腺癌患者≥3级不良反应的多因素Logistic回归分析
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