“乳腺增生症”在中国被认为是“疾病”,其概念与西方“乳腺痛”和“乳腺纤维囊性病(FBD)”有所不同。 大多数正常女性均经历过周期性乳房疼痛,特别是在月经周期的黄体期。 乳腺上皮及基质不同程度的改变,使得腺体组织呈现从正常到异常再到疾病的变化。 因为这种组织学改变可以出现在正常女性,术语“FBD”已经被“乳腺纤维囊性变(FBC)”所取代;而FBC 并不增加乳腺癌的风险。 然而,单纯增生可能小幅增加恶变风险,而非典型增生与绝对升高的乳腺癌风险密切相关。 某些乳腺结节及严重的周期性乳房疼痛等问题需要临床评估和治疗。 对于可疑乳腺结节, 包括触诊、影像学和经皮穿刺或针吸活组织检查的“三重评估”是必要的。 总之,更好地理解组织学上的“乳腺增生”,有助于减轻女性焦虑并避免过度治疗。

The “proliferative breast disease” is regarded as a disease in China, different from“mastalgia” and “fibrocystic breast disease”in Western countries. Most of healthy women experience cyclic breast pain, particularly in the luteal phase of menstruation. A spectrum of benign breast problems exists(normality-aberrance-lesion), depending on the degree of stromal and epithelial changes. The term“fibrocystic breast disease” has currently been replaced by “fibrocystic change” because it can occur in normal women. The fibrocystic breasts increase no risk of breast cancer. However, simple hyperplasia may slightly increase the risk of malignancy whereas atypical hyperplasia is associated with absolute higher risk of breast cancer. Problems including some breast nodules and severe cyclic breast pain require clinical evaluation and treatment. For suspect breast nodules, triple assessments are necessary, including palpation, imaging and percutaneous biopsy or fine needle aspiration. In general, better understanding of breast hyperplasia in histology helps to relieve anxiety and avoid overtreatment.